2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The cult leader tried to（ ） people by making promises he couldnt possibly keep in order to get their money.问题1选项A.renderB.chideC.preambleD.exploit【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项render“致使；提出；实施；着色”；B选项chide“责骂；斥责”；C选项preamble“作序文（或导言、开场白等）”；D选项exploit“开发，开拓；剥削；开采”。句意：这个邪教领袖为了得到人们的钱而做出他不可能兑现的承诺，以此来剥削他们。根据句意，D选项正确。2. 单选题Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cannot give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robot that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer system on earth cannot approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still do not know quite how we do it.1.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in （ ）.2.The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means （ ）.3.According to Para.3, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following can robots do now?5.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are （ ）.问题1选项A.the use of machines to produce science fictionB.the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryC.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workD.the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work问题2选项A.devicesB.expertsC.programsD.creatures问题3选项A.can fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.can respond independently to a changing worldC.can have a little common senseD.can interact with human beings verbally问题4选项A.Make a few decisions for themselves.B.Deal with some errors with human intervention.C.Improve factory environments.D.Cultivate human creativity.问题5选项A.expected to copy human brain in internal structureB.able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.best used in a controlled environmentD.far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Human ingenuity可以定位到原文首段“Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.”中文翻译为：从人类智慧出现以来，人们一直都在设计更加巧妙的工具来处理危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是显然肮脏的工作。因此C选项“针对困难和危险的工作发明工具”符合题意。2.【试题解析】词汇题。A: device“装置”；B: expert“专家”；C: program“程序”；D: creature“生物”。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“whose universal existence has removed much human labor.”中文翻译为：他们的普遍存在已节省了很多人类劳动，以及gizmo意为“小装置”可推断出A项“装置”正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“we cannot give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”中文翻译为：我们不能给予机器人足够的常识来让其可靠地与一个不断变化的世界进行互动。可知答案为B项“能独自对一个变化的世界做出反应”。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“While