2022年考博英语-南京大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题We shall probably never be able to（ ） the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】考查上下文动词词义解析。assert “维护，主张”；impart “给予，传授”；ascertain “确定，查明”；notify “通知，公布”。句意：我们也许永远不能确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合题意2. 单选题Thomas Leech（ ）a very successful career as a photographer.问题1选项A.built upB.carved outC.fought forD.stumbled on【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。build up “增强，加强”；carved out “创业，开创”；fought for “为.而奋斗”；stumble on “无意中发现，偶然遇到”。句意：托马斯作为一名摄影师开创了一份成功的事业。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题问题1选项A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题I am（ ）to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.unforgettableC.desirousD.indebted【答案】D【解析】形容词词义解析。Gratified “满足的”; unforgettable “难忘的”；desirous “渴望的” ; indebted “受惠的，感激的”。句意：当我最初到这儿的时候，莫里森先生对我关心友好，我对他报以感激之心。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, （ ）I keep to this day.问题1选项A.and thusB.andC.soD.and which【答案】D【解析】考查语法。题目中有两个非限制性定语从句，第一个由which引导，先行词在定语从句中做主语，第二个也需用关系代词which，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，所以也不能省略，选项D符合题意。6. 单选题It is none of your business; you have no right to （ ）.问题1选项A.disturbB.interfereC.interruptD.obtain【答案】B【解析】近义词解析。disturb “打扰，妨碍”；interfere “干涉”；interrupt “打断”；obtain “获得”。句意：不关你的事，你没有权利干涉。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship group, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common ； rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT3.In mentioning “natural leaders” in paragraph two, the author is making the point that4.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph two?5.The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on问题1选项A.The problems faced by leadersB.How leadership differs in small and large groupsC.How social groups determine who will lead themD.The role of leaders in social groups问题2选项A.recruitment.B.formal election process.C.specific leadership training.D.traditional cultural patterns.问题3选项A.few people qualify as “natural leadersB.there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist.C.“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a social group.D.“natural leaders” s