2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题The English language of today reflects many centuries of development. The political and social events that have in the course of English history so profoundly affected the English people in their national life have generally had a recognizable effect on their language. The Roman Christianizing of Britain in 597 brought England into contact with Latin civilization and made significant additions to our vocabulary. The Scandinavian invasions resulted in a considerable mixture of the two peoples and their languages. The Norman Conquest made English for two centuries the language mainly of the lower classes while the nobles and those associated with them used French on almost all occasions. And when English once more regained supremacy as the language of all elements of the population, it was an English greatly changed in both form and vocabulary from what it had been in 1066.【答案】今天的英语反映了许多世纪的发展。在英国历史进程中深刻影响英国人国家生活的政治和社会事件，通常也对他们的语言产生了明显的影响。597年罗马人对不列颠的基督教化使英国接触了拉丁文明，并大大增加了我们的词汇。斯堪的那维亚人的入侵导致了这两个民族及其语言的大量混合。诺曼征服使英语在长达两个世纪的时间里成为下层阶级的主要语言，而贵族和与他们有关的人几乎在所有场合都使用法语。当英语再次成为所有人口的语言时，它的形式和词汇都比1066年发生了巨大的变化。2. 单选题Aid was sent to the earthquake victims at the _ of the Iranian government.问题1选项A.sightB.interestC.requireD.request【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. sight 视力；景象 B. interest 兴趣；利益C. require 需要；要求（动词） D. request 请求；需要【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】空格处应填一个名词，of短语做后置定语表示government“政府”的，根据句意，地震发生后，应该是按照政府的需求送去援助。D选项request请求；需要符合语境。【干扰项排除】A选项sight“视力；景象”不符合语境；B选项interest“兴趣；利益”不符合语境；C选项require“需要”，是一个动词，而该处应填名词。【句意】应伊朗政府的要求，救援物质已运送给地震灾民。3. 单选题I understand your hobby is photography and Ive got a job that（ ） interest you in mycompany.问题1选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.could【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。这四个选项中表示的可能性由大到小依次为can could may might。can表示一般和理论上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或表达看法；may表示一种可能性；might表示的可能性极小。前半句“我知道你的兴趣是摄影”这是一种事实，这份工作之间让他对公司感兴趣存在可能性。故A项正确。4. 单选题Walter Anderson_ the Horatio Alger Society the same year I did.问题1选项A.joins the ranks ofB.join the rank ofC.joined the rank ofD.joined the ranks of【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. joins the ranks of 成为的一员 B. join the rank of 加入的阶层C. joined the rank of 加入了的阶层 D. joined the ranks of 成为了的一员【考察点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranks of，表示加入了（团体或组织的成员）。句中the same year I did是一个时间状语，I did 做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。【句意】沃尔特安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖阿尔杰协会。5. 单选题An airplane（ ）in the mountain.问题1选项A.crashedB.smashedC.clashedD.crushed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“损毁，坠毁”；smash“粉碎，使破产”；clash“发出撞击声，碰撞”；crush“压坏，损坏”。句意：飞机在山区坠毁了。A项符合题意。6. 单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system; fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp（入口引道）. As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.Either approach to joining, a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper o