细节理解题专练（一）题型突破.剖析题型特点，掌握解题方法一、题型特点与命题方式细节理解题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体 表达本身发问。细节理解题通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。 直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，在文中可直接找到答案，但往往与原文 中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。 间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，利用主要事实、图表、 图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节 经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断，此类试题在高考中占大多 数。其常见的命题方式有：1 .特殊疑问句形式。以 what, who, when, where, which, how much/ many 等引出问题; 2.是非题。通常以 true/ false, not true/ false 提问以及以 according to the passage 开头; 3.填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；4.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。二、正确选项特征1 .对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的 词，成为正确选项。2 .词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原 文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3 .语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，成为正确答案。4 .正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找 than pushing to achieve current goals.He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.In the second article, Prof.Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice一particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss realistic options、。increase activity-such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.Prof.Kevin Fenton at Public Health England says, Everyone needs to be active every day-short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.v This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.【语篇解读】本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原那么的不同看法。1 .What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?A. 10minute exercise.B.20 minute exercise.C.60minute exercise.D. 150minute exercise.2 .What can we learn from the second paragraph?A. 10minute exercise has little effect on the health.B.Heart disease happens easily to the old in activity.C.Two - andahalf hours of exercise is not necessary.D.Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.3 .What is the suggestion of Prof.Philipe de Souto Barreto according to thethird paragraph?A.People should spend less time on exercise. B.People should lower their activity levels.C.People should increase exercise properly. D.People should achieve their current goals.4 . Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?A.They are impractical.B.They are reasonable.C.They have no effect on us.D.They are popular with people.B（2017武汉市高中毕业生调研测试）President Theodore Roosevelfs letter to his sonDear Ted,I was glad to hear that you were to be confirmed.Secretary Root left on Monday and Governor Taft took his place.I have missed, and shall miss Root badly.He has been the ablest, most generous and most disinterested friend and advisor that any president could hope to have； and immediately after leaving, he provided a great service by a speech at the Union League Club, in which he said in a most effective fashion the very things I should have liked him to say； and his words, moreover, carried weight when he was addressing such an audience.Taft is a splendid fellow and will be an aid and comfort in every way.But, as your mother says, he is too much like me to be able to give me as good advice as Mr.Root because of the very differences of character between us.If after fully thinking the matter over, you remain firmly convinced that you want to go into the army, well and good.I shall be rather sorry for yourdecision, because I have great confidence in you and I believe that in civil life you could probably win in the end a greater prize than if you go into the army-though, of course, a man can do well in the army.I know perfectly well that you will have hard times in civil life.Probably most young fellows when they have graduated from college feel pretty depressed for the first few years.In ordinary cases, it at first seems as if their efforts were not leading anywhere, as if the pressure around the foot of the ladder was too great to permit getting up to the top.But I have faith in your ability and your power to force yourself to the front when you have once found out and taken your line.However, you and I and your mother will talk the whole matter over when you come back here on Easter.【语篇解读】本文是书信类应用文，是Theodore Roosevelt总统写给儿子Ted的信。信中他希望儿子Ted乐于过平常的市民生活，而不是去参军。5 .What mainly contributes to Mr.Roofs being a good advisor according to the President?A.His great generosity.B.His effective speech.C.Their differences in character.D.Their similarities in character.6 .What did the President wish Ted to do?A.Lead a civil life.B.Do well in the army.C.Force himself to the front.D.Take postgraduate courses.7 .What did the President say about most young people starting their life after graduation?A.They would make no efforts.B.They would have a hard life.C.They would look for a ladder.D.They would have no confidence.（2017 东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟）Ophelia and