2022年考博英语-山西大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题When you win, your errors are（ ）; when you lose, your errors are magnified.问题1选项A.expandedB.obscuredC.cultivatedD.exaggerated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expanded “扩充的，展开的”；B选项obscured “遮蔽的，湮没的”；C选项cultivated “有教养的；栽培的，培植的”；D选项exaggerated “夸张的，言过其实的”。本句表示“当你胜利时，你的错误会被（ ）；当你失败时，你的错误会被放大。”根据句意可知空格处应填magnified（放大的）的反义词，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Art is about creativity, transmuting the humblest subjects into the（ ）.问题1选项A.subdueB.subjectiveC.submissiveD.sublime【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项subdue“压制，控制”；B选项subjective“主观的”；C选项submissive“顺从的，服从的”；D选项sublime“崇高的，崇高的事物”。句意：艺术是一种创造力，能够把最卑贱的事物变得（ ）。sublime和humblest“最卑贱的”相对应，使句子通顺。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Cardinal MEZZOFANTI of Bologna was a secular saint who was said to speak 72 languages. Or 50. No one was certain of the true figure, but it was a lot. Visitors flocked from all comers of Europe to test him and came away stunned. Two condemned prisoners were due to be executed, but no one knew their language to hear their confession. Mezzofanti learned it in a night, heard their sins the next morning and saved them from hell.Or so the legend goes. In “Babel No More”, Michael Erard has written the first serious book about the people who master vast numbers of languagesor claim to. A journalist with some linguistics training, Mr. Erard is not a hyperpolyglot himself (he speaks some Spanish and Chinese), but he approaches his topic with both wonder and a healthy dash of scepticism.To find out whether anyone could really learn so many languages, Mr. Erard set out to find Modern Mezzofantis. The people he meets are certainly interesting. One man with a mental age of nine has a vast memory for foreign words and the use of grammatical endings, but he cannot seem to break free of English word order. Ken Hals, who was a linguist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and died in 2001, was said to have learned 50 languages. Professional linguists sill swear by his talent. But he insisted he spoke only three (English, Spanish and Warlpirifrom Australias Northern Territory) and could merely “talk” in others. Mr. Erard says that true hyperpolyglottery begins at about 11 languages, and that while legends abound, tried and tested exemplars are few.At the end of his story, however, Erard finds a surprise in Mezzofantis archive: flashcards. Stacks of them, in Georgian, Hungarian, Arabic, Algonquin and nine other tongues. The worlds most celebrated hyperpolyglot relied on the same tools given to first-year language learners today. The conclusion? Hyperpolyglots may begin with talent but they arent geniuses. They simply enjoy tasks that are drudgery to normal people. The talent and enjoyment drive a virtuous cycle that pushes them to feats others simply shake their heads at.1.The word “hyperpolyglot” (para. 2) refers to the one who（ ）.2.By “a healthy dash of skepticism”, the author demonstrates Mr. Erards（ ）.3.Mr. Erards efforts to find the Modern Mezzofantis（ ）.4.What is the emphasis in the last paragraph?5.The passage is most likely a part of（ ）.问题1选项A.enjoys learning languagesB.receives strict language trainingC.speaks many languagesD.excels in language tests问题2选项A.biased opinionB.objective attitudeC.strong motivationD.extreme curiosity问题3选项A.are not very fruitfulB.will not end in vainC.seem to pay offD.are highly appreciated问题4选项A.There is no shortcut in language learning.B.We all have the potential to be a good language learner.C.Some people are more gifted to learn languages.D.Good language learners have special learning techniques.问题5选项A.a research paperB.a science fictionC.a news reportD.a book review【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句A journalist with some linguistics training, Mr. Erard is not a hyperpolyglot himself (he speaks some Spanish and Chinese)，（埃拉尔是一名记者，接受过一些语言学训练，但他自己并不是（ ），他会说一点西班牙语和汉语），会说一点西班牙语和汉语用来补充解释前面的 hyperpolyglot，和C选项“会说多种语言”对应，hyperpolyglot是“语言狂人”，故C选项正确。A选项“喜欢学语言”文章没有提到。B选项“接受严格的语言训练”：Erard学过一些，说不上严格。D选项“擅长语言测试”，文章没有讲语言测试。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第三段最后一句Mr. Erard says that true hyperpolyglottery begins at about 11 languages, and that while legends abound, tried and tested exemplars are few.（埃拉尔说，真正的语言狂人大约从会11种语言开始，虽然传说比比皆是，但经过验证的例子却很少。），可知实际上语言狂人没有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的怀疑是客观的，故B选项“客观的态度”正确，A选项“有偏见的观点”错误。C选项“强烈的动机”和D选项“极度的好奇心”和事例无关。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句To find out whether anyone could really learn so many languages, Mr. Erard set out to find Modern Mezzofantis. （为了弄清楚是否真的有人能学会这么多语言，埃拉尔开始寻找现代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句tried and tested exemplars are few（通过验证的例子很少），表明Erard的调查目的起码有些成效，故C选项“似乎有回报”正确。A选项“都不是很有成效”：在这过程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些测试，得到一些结果。B选项“不会徒然结束”：没有提到后续相关事情。D选项“高度赞赏”：文中没有对调查结果的评价。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段最后两句They simply enjoy tasks that are drudgery to normal people. The talent and enjoyment drive a virtuous