2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Section A English to Chinese (20 points)Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.If Republicans in Congress unite behind Donald Trumps agenda, it will not be because they have changed their views on economics. Whatever Mr. Trumps plans for border taxes and fiscal stimulus, most Republicans still profess to support free trade and loathe government borrowing. (36) Instead, unity is possible because two other goals bind the president and his party together. The first, tax cuts, is a usual priority for the party. But the second, deregulation, only recently rose to the same status. The call to cut red tape（官样文章，冗长的法规条文）is now an emotive rallying cry for Republicansmore so, in the hearts of many congressmen, than slashing deficits. Deregulation will, they argue, unleash a “confident America” in which businesses thrive and wages soar, leaving economists, with their excuses for the “new normal” of low growth, red faced. Are they right?(37) The straightforward motivation for Republicans deregulatory agenda is their disdain for President Barack Obamas legacy, much of which was installed through regulatory fiat. The Affordable Care Act, better known as Obamacare, required bureaucrats to write thousands of pages of new rules; the Dodd-Frank financial-reform bill did the same. (38) When legislation was not forthcoming, the executive branch threw its weight around instead. It asserted that the Clean Air Act gave it wide-ranging powers to fight climate change, and that the Clean Water Act let it clean up many more ponds and rivers than ever before.(39) But totting up costs and benefits is hardly straightforward. An agency which supports a regulation can obviously nudge the numbers in a favorable direction. Bureaucrats must sometimes make value judgments. For instance, the Obama administration counted benefits to foreign countries when weighing up rules to reduce carbon emissions.In any case, cost-benefit analysis ages badly. Without updating it, it is difficult to know how much old regulations weigh on the economy. One Mercatus working paper plugs the number of rules in each industry into a complex model of the economy. It finds that rules written since 1980 have dampened growth by about 0.8 percentage points a year.(40) Republicans like to put about that sort of figure, but it strikes many economists as implausibly large. Even those sympathetic to deregulation are hesitant to forecast the growth effects of a regulatory bonfire, preferring to stress the benefits of tax cuts. Democrats, meanwhile, are scathing about the idea that rolling back regulations would pep up the economy much. Jason Furman, who advised Mr. Obama, adds up the costs of Obama-era rules and says it is “impossible” to see how you would add even a tenth of a percentage point to growth by undoing them. (The Trump administration promises growth of 3.5%-4%, up from 1.6% in 2016, partly on the back of deregulation.)【答案】36. 相反，由于另外两个目标将总统及其政党紧密联系，团结一致很有可能。第一，减税是共和党一贯主张的优先事项。但第二点放松管制，直到最近才上升到同样的地位。呼吁减少繁文缛节，是共和党人如今的一种有力战斗口号在许多国会议员的心中，它比削减赤字更有分量。37. 共和党人放松管制议程的直接动机是蔑视巴拉克奥巴马总统遗留政策，这其中大部分是通过监管法令而确立的。38. 当立法还没有出台时，行政部门就开始指手画脚，断言被清洁空气法赋予广泛权力以应对气候变化，而因为清洁水法清理了比以往任何时候都多的池塘和河流。39. 但合计成本和收益并不简单。支持监管的机构显然可以把数字推向有利的方向。政府官员有时必须做出主观价值判断。40. 虽然共和党人总是提这种数字，但许多经济学家认为这个数大得难以置信。即使那些赞同放松管制的人，也不愿去预测监管对经济增长的影响，而更愿意强调减税的好处。2. 单选题Once upon a time, the emblematic jazz singer was an African-American woman, serenading a smoke-filled room. Think Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald. Today, a talented crop of cosmopolitan young singers are creating a new breed of jazz vocalist: the globalized chanteuse. They come from multicultural backgrounds, live all over the world, and are infusing the traditional American sound with new energy. Take todays rising star, 26-year-old Sophie Milman. Born in Russia, she fled with her family to Israel at the age of 7, then settled in Canada at 16. Now she sells out the Blue Note jazz club in Tokyo. Her roots and her reach are global. In looks and language, she couldnt be further from the pioneers who came more than a half century before.Yet Milman and others like her are redefining jazz by drawing on the American songbook. In his book The Jazz Singers, Scott Yannow argues that among 21st-century jazz vocalists, only “a few manage to reinvest standards in new ways,” which is exactly what this new class is doing so well. Milmanwhos fluent in French, English, Russian, and Hebrewsings Cole Porters “Love for Sale” in a clear, valiant alto that booms down low and reaches effortlessly up high. Elisabeth Kontomanou, who is Greek and Guinean, insists on knowing the African-American roots of the music she plays. “Jazz is innovation, but with all the culture and the understanding of what has already been done,” she says. “If you dont look at that, you get a tasteless, odorless, an