2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier.When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately, bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the mutual area causing the “local adaptation” but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation”. Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.1.This selection is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different in color would depend mostly on（ ）.3.If a persons eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit, we can expect（ ）.4.The word superimpose (Line 12, Paragraph 2) has the closest meaning to（ ）.5.The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of（ ）.问题1选项A.the eyes adaptation to colorB.the properties of colored surfacesC.the color of colorsD.the effect of changes in color intensity问题2选项A.the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewingB.whether the object was seen in artificial or natural lightC.what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewingsD.the individuals power of lateral adaptation问题3选项A.a time lag in the focusing ability of the eyeB.the immediate loss of the afterimage of the first objectC.some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regainedD.the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level问题4选项A.put something overB.force something to appearC.levy something uponD.make something available问题5选项A.some experiment with color pigmentsB.the nature of colorC.the color properties of various surfacesD.the mechanism of the eyes adaptation to color【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段提出:Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier (这两种效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的颜色适应机制)，后面接着论述了眼睛对颜色的适应。由此可知A项“眼睛对颜色的适应”正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第二段:The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation (观看时间越长，强度越高，面积越大，在接下来的观察中存留的影响就越大)。由此可知答案为C项“快速转移视线前所见景物”.第3题:判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段第六句: The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second (最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而叠加到第二个区域中)。由此可知C选 项“直到失去的敏感度恢复了，才能看到后一个物体一些原本看不到的颜色”正确。第4题:词义题。可参考第二段第六句: The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second (最终的结果