2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题It is crucial that a broad set of people-not just technologists or those who happen to be in the computer industry（ ） in the debate about how this technology should be shaped.问题1选项A.compensateB.saturateC.motivateD.participate【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；saturate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participate in“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。2. 单选题Even though the Red Cross had（ ） large sum for the relief of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.问题1选项A.alienatedB.alternatedC.allocatedD.ascertained【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。alienate使疏远，离间；alternate交替，轮流；allocate分配；ascertain确定，查明。能与large sum搭配的只有分配。故C项正确。句意：尽管红十字会划拨了一大笔款项来缓解遭受灾难的人们，但仍有很多人因这场灾难而死亡。3. 单选题As is the Chinese cooks custom, my mother always made（ ） remarks about her own cooking.问题1选项A.optionalB.pluralC.negativeD.slender【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。optional“可选的”；plural“复数的，多样的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；slender“细长的，苗条的”。句意：就像许多中国厨师一样，我母亲经常对自己的厨艺予以否定评价。能修饰remarks的只有C项。4. 单选题Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation; they are a very mild form of electrical or magnetic wave that moves through space. Unlike X-rays and gamma rays, which are very powerful rays of radiation, microwaves are rather weak and are much more like the waves of radiation used in radio broadcasting.In microwave ovens, the use of microwaves with which most people are familiar, the waves are produced by an electronic tube called a magnetron. Microwaves produce beat in any food placed inside the oven by causing the water in the food to vibrate rapidly and thus heat up. Food that have more water in them take less time to cook and probably have more of their nutrients left intact when cooked in a microwave oven.Microwaves do not pass through metals so the microwaves are retained within the oven. Microwaves pass immediately through glass, paper, and plastic with no effect on these materials or on the microwaves; nothing inside the microwave oven is heated except the food itself, so the cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens. Sometimes a part or container is heated because it is touching the hot food, though; some users of microwave ovens have been burned by hot food, by hot pans, or steam escaping from the food. No documented case of radiation burns from a microwave oven has ever been reported.Actually, we know very little about how microwave radiation might affect human beings. Obviously, if microwaves can cook a roast by exciting the water molecules in the meats they could do the same thing to human flesh. Human being could be burned by prolonged exposure to high levels of microwaves. But scientists are more concerned about the effects of low level microwave exposures, such as might result from a leaking microwave oven.No research has yet been performed on people who have been exposed to low level microwave radiation. Some experiments have been performed on animals, but the results are very difficult to interpret. As the eyes are particularly sensitive, rabbits exposed to low level microwaves were checked for the growth of cataracts, and none were found. On the other hand, some animals seem able to sense microwave radiation and try to escape from it immediately. In others, microwave radiation causes the body to react as if defending itself against decease. These responses lead some scientists to think that microwave radiation is harmful，though in some yet undiscovered way.1. The purpose of this passage is to discuss（ ）.2. Microwaves are（ ）.3. We can conclude from this passage that（ ）.4. The authors tone is（ ）.5. As used in the 3rd paragraph of this passage, the word “documented means（ ）.问题1选项A.the beneficial use of microwavesB.the harmful effects of microwavesC.the modern methods of cookingD.the use and possible harmful effects of microwaves问题2选项A.absolutely safe at low levelsB.very efficient for cookingC.cancer-causing in people with weak eyesD.completely understood by Scientists问题3选项A.the heat created in microwave ovens is very difficult to controlB.food tastes better when cooked in a microwave ovenC.food cooked in microwave ovens is probably more nutritious than food cooked in more conventional waysD.most research on the effects of microwaves on human beings has been restricted to the study of low level microwave radiation问题4选项A.objectiveB.sarcasticC.negativeD.skeptical问题5选项A.numberedB.recordedC.legalD.believable【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了微波的特点，第二三段讲述了微波的用途，最后分析了微波可能对人体造成的伤害。故D项“微波的用途及可能造成的影响”正确。ABC三项均比较片面。2.推理判断题。由第三段“nothing inside the microwave oven is heated except the food itself, so the cooking process is much more efficient than in conventional ovens. 除了食物本身，微波炉里的任何