2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electri-cally charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral,Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static elec-tricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or com-puter display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present, in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue，irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump aboutunaccountably. This has led the U. S. Geographical Survey to fund a network, of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well- being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative / posi-tive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects onthemselves, or on others，of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether de-pending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by（ ） .3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found（ ） .4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?5.According to the passage, some scientists believe that （ ）问题1选项A.They think they are insane.B.They become rather bad-tempered.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.问题2选项A.using home-made goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on carpetsD.cleaning computer screens问题3选项A.near a parking lotB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler问题4选项A.Ionizers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fans.D.Vacuum pumps.问题5选项A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be explainedC.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD.earthquake cannot be predicted【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。第二段指出：When a large number of positive ions are present, in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. 因此，B项“人会变得易怒”正确。2.细节题。根据题干关键词“static electricity”定位至第一段：Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or com-puter display screens（也可能是由于室内地毯或人造纤维制成的衣服或电视机、复印机或电脑显示屏产生的静电积聚所致）。因此C选项“在地毯上行走”是静电产生的原因之一。3.细节题。根据题干关键词“negative ion”定位至第三段：Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray（产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在喷洒水的任何地方，或形成喷雾剂）, 因此D项“通过旋转洒水车”正确。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “negative ions indoors”定位至最后一段：To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers. 由此可知，ionizers（离子发生器）可以制造室内负离子。A项正确。5.细节题。最后一段指出：After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat （依靠地震知识预测地震是否比观察猫更有效还存在争议）, 因此A项正确。2. 单选题Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are wo prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an