2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.问题1选项A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，减小”，强调事物逐渐减少的过程，主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少；B选项subtract“减去”；C选项minimize“最小化，将减到最小”；D选项degrade“降低（地位），贬低”。句意：这场火灾造成了巨大损失，但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重，试图将后果降到最低。2. 单选题I cant go for one thing, I have no money, and_, I have too much work.问题1选项A.whats moreB.as wellC.for anotherD.in addition【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。for one thing.for another表示“一方面另一方面”，为固定搭配。句意：我不能去，一方面，我没有钱，另一方面，我有太多的工作。3. 单选题Such euphemisms may be stylistically permissible if they are kept within .问题1选项A.boundariesB.rangesC.bordersD.limits【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项boundaries n.界限，分界线，边界；B选项ranges n.里程，范围；C选项borders n.边界，边缘地区；D选项limits n.范围，限制，领土。句意：这样的委婉用法在文体结构上是可以的，但前提是要在有限范围内使用。根据句意可知，D项符合题意。因此，D项是正确答案。4. 单选题Her parents wanted to change her mind so they tried to_her to their way of thinking.问题1选项A.convertB.alterC.transferD.convey【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convert“(使)转变，改变”，指改变形式、特性、信仰、观点等；B选项alter“改变，更改”指部分更改，仍保留本质和总体结构；C选项transfer“(使)转移，搬迁，(使)调动”；D选项convey“表达，传递(思想、感情等)”。根据指their way of thinking可知选A。句意：她的父母想改变她的想法，所以他们试图让她转变到他们的思维方式。5. 单选题Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.问题1选项A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项hindrance n.障碍，妨碍；B misfortune n.不幸，灾祸，灾难；C选项 catastrophe n.大灾难，灾祸；D选项threaten.威胁，恐吓。句意：人口的增长是对地球上非人类生物生存的威胁。根据句意可知D项正确。6. 单选题His friendliness and helpfulness are（）that make everyone likes him.问题1选项A.principledB.attributesC.functionsD.regimens【答案】C【解析】句意：他的友好和乐于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜欢他。A选项为“有原则的，有操守的”；B选项为“归因，属性”；C选项为“起作用”；D选项为“养生法养生之道”。根据原句语义逻辑可知，C项与friendliness 和helpfulness搭配更恰当，更符合句意。7. 单选题After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that his time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。8. 单选题The human voice often sounds （）on the phone.问题1选项A.twistedB.irregularC.deformedD.distorted【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项twisted adj.扭曲的；B选项irregular adj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项 deformed adj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distorted adj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根据human voice可知，D项符合搭配。句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。9. 单选题Americans are people obsessed with child-rearing. In their books, magazines, talk shows, parent training courses, White House conferences, and chats over the back fence, they endlessly debate the best ways to raise children. Moreover, Americans do more than debate their theories; they translate them into action. They erect playgrounds for the youngsters pleasure, equip large schools for their education, and train skilled specialists for their welfare. Whole industries in America are devoted to making children happy, healthy and wise.But this interest in childhood is relatively new. In fact, until very recently people considered childhood just a brief, unimportant prelude to adulthood and the real business of living. By and large, they either ignored children, beat them, or fondled them carelessly, much as we would amuse ourselves with a lot of puppies. When they gave serious thought to children at all, people either conceived of them as miniature adults or as peculiar, unformed animals.Down through the ages the experiences of childhood have been as varied as its duration. Actions that would have provoked a beating in one era elicit extra loving care in another. Babies who have been nurtured exclusively by their mothers in one epoch are left with day-care workers in another. In some places children have been trained to straddle unsteady canoes, negotiate treacherous mountain passes, and carry heavy bundles on their heads. In other places they have been taught complicated piano concerti and long multiplication tables.But diverse as it has been, childhood has one common experience at its core and that is the social aspect of nurture. All children need adults to bring them up. Because human young take so long to become independent, we think that civilization may have grown up around the need to feed and protect them. Certainly, from the earliest days of man, adults have made provision for the children in their midst.1. The present day American obsession with child-rearing has（）.2. Children in the past were ill-treated or petted because they were（）.3. How have childhood experiences varied?4. According to the author,