2022年考博英语-山东大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is convinced that the eyes are_ .2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_ .3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because_.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to_.5.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_.问题1选项A.of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB.something through which one can see a persons inner worldC.of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD.something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate问题2选项A.whose front view is fully perceivedB.whose face is covered with a maskC.whose face is seen from the sideD.whose face is free of any covering问题3选项A.they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB.they need not communicate through eye contactC.they dont think it polite to have eye contactD.they didnt have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood问题4选项A.one temporarily glancing away from the otherB.eye contact of more than one secondC.improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD.constant adjustment of eye contact问题5选项A.not to wear dark spectaclesB.not to make any interruptionsC.not to glance away from each otherD.not to make unpredictable pauses【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.”，说明作者认为眼睛在人与人之间的交往中是相当重要的。选项A符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile.”，说明被遮住眼睛的脸以及侧脸不会使婴儿发笑。选项C符合题意。 3.推断题。根据文章第一段，“infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.”，在日本，婴儿对眼睛的依恋不像其他国家那样强烈，说明因为在婴儿时期不会有太多机会接触眼神交流。选项D符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第二段，“if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause”，说明美国人在交谈时，一定要看着讲话人，不然对方就会以为你对谈话不感兴趣而暂停下来。选项C符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses”，说明谈话时戴深色眼睛会带来一系列不好的影响。选项A符合题意。 2. 单选题Science is based on experiment，on a willingness to（ ）old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is.问题1选项A.encounterB.convertC.challengeD.formulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter “偶然遇见”；convert “转换”；challenge “挑战”；formulate “规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题The bodies who play major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing t