2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题With the development of sophisticated instruments, earthquake will become predictable.问题1选项A.advancedB.delicateC.dedicatedD.difficult【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated“复杂的；先进的；久经世故的；富有经验的”；A选项advanced“先进的；晚期的；年老的”；B选项delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；C选项dedicated“专用的；专注的；献身的”；D选项difficult“困难的；不随和的；执拗的”。句意：随着精密仪器的发展，地震将成为可预测的。题干指出“earthquake will become predictable地震将会成为可预测的”可推测出sophisticated在这里有“先进的”的意思，因此A选项正确。2. 不定项选择题A complex operation called spinal fusion has emerged as the treatment of choice for many kinds of back pain. But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most patients, spinal fusion works any better than a simpler operation, the laminectomy（椎板切除术）. Some people would be better off with no surgery at all. Even doctors who favor fusions say that more research is needed on their benefits.In the absence of better data, critics point to a different reason for the fusion operations fast rises: money. Medicare can pay a surgeon as much as four times more for a spinal fusion as for a laminectomy. Hospitals also collect two to four times as much. “We all cave in to market and economic forces,” said Dr. Edward C. Benzel. Though doctors, as a rule, should favor the least complicated treatment with surgery being the last resort Dr. Benzel estimated that fewer than half of the spinal fusions done today were probably appropriate.Doctors and hospitals are not the only players with a financial stake in fusion operations. Critics blame the companies that make the hardware for promoting more complex fusions without evidence that they are significantly more effective. Some sort of hardware is used in almost 90 percent of lower-back fusions and the national bill for the hardware alone has soared to $2.5 billion a year.The hardware makers in general acknowledge giving surgeons millions of dollars for consulting and researches, but say the money promotes technical advances that improve back care. But a lawsuit brought by Scott A. Wiese, a former sales representative of Medtronic the biggest maker of spinal hardware, accused the company of trying to persuade surgeons to use its products with offers of first-class plane tickets to Hawaii and nights at the finest hotels. Medtronic said it did nothing wrong, and it denied the accusations in the lawsuit. But the company disclosed earlier this year that the federal government was investigating charges that it paid illegal kickbacks to surgeons. Federal officials declined to comment on the investigation, and Medtronic said it would vigorously defend itself.Still, between the allure of money and the quest for breakthroughs in treatment, some prominent spinal surgeons say that back care has gone astray.1. Which of the following statements on the treatment of back pain is true?2. It is implied that doctors （ ）.3. The hardware makers （ ）.4. The company Medtronic （ ）.5. What does the author mean by “back care has gone astray” in the last paragraph?问题1选项A.Spinal fusion provides a better cure than other treatments.B.Spinal fusion is no good to patients suffering from back pains.C.There is limited evidence as to which treatment is better.D.Doctors have great confidence in the benefits of spinal fusion.问题2选项A.tend to choose the treatment that is considered the best for patientsB.have put financial interests ahead of patients in considerable casesC.are likely to favor more complicated treatment to improve skillsD.wish to change the current system under which they get paid for their work问题3选项A.have obtained enormous profits from the operationB.have invested heavily in the research of new productsC.have helped doctors and hospitals gain more experienceD.have successfully proved the effectiveness of their products问题4选项A.has admitted paying kickbacks to surgeonsB.has denied any financial deals with surgeonsC.has been sued for buying its business competitorD.has been investigated by the government问题5选项A.It has been on the right track.B.It has been away from the right track.C.It has offered a new treatment.D.It has moved back to tradition.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most patients, spinal fusion works any better than a simpler operation, the laminectomy. 但一些研究人员表示，几乎没有科学证据表明，对大多数患者来说脊柱融合术比更简单的椎板切除术更好。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“脊柱融合术比其他治疗方法有更好的治疗效果。”，与原文不符；B项“脊柱融合术对背痛患者没有好处。”，与原文不符；C项“只有有限的证据表明哪种治疗方法更好。”；D项“医生对脊柱融合术的好处很有信心。”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Medicare can pay a surgeon as much as four times more for a spinal fusion as for a laminectomy. 医疗保险可以为外科医生支付比椎板切除术多四倍的脊柱融合术费用。”以及“.fewer than half of the spinal fusions done today were probably appropriate. 今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”，可知B项与原文相符。A项“