2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The management should give （ ）to the workers,safety operation over every other consideration.问题1选项A.precedenceB.coherenceC.affluenceD.coincidence【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。precedence “优先”；coherence “一致，连贯性”；affluence “富裕，丰富”；coincidence “巧合”。根据句意“工人的安全操作问题”应该是管理层优先考虑的问题，所以选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Since you changed lanes without signaling, you are as much to（ ）for the accident as us.问题1选项A.blameB.accusationC.condemnationD.charge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。blame“责任，过失”；accusation“指责，谴责”；condemnation “谴责，定罪”；charge “控告，控诉”。句意：由于你变道前没开转向灯，你就应该像我们一样对这次事故负责。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The employer must（ ） that the applications for the post have the proper qualifications.问题1选项A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。justify “证明 是正当的；替 辩护”；verify “核实； 查证”；warrant “保证；担保”；perceive “察觉，感觉”。句意：雇主必须核实针对该岗位的申请都有适合的资质。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题I feel rather at a （ ）talking to her,because shes so clever.问题1选项A.mistakeB.faultC.disadvantageD.defect【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be at a disadvantage “处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can generate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, therefore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis, the great equalizer.Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles net weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ten dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production. This explains how many large species have managed to compete with their more active neighbors: the compensation for a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.There are limitations, however, to this compensation. The glycogen reserves of any animal are good, at most, for only about two minutes at maximum effort, after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source of energy remains. With the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable toattack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. During this process the enormous energy debt that the animal has run up through anaerobic glycolysis must be repaid, a debt that is proportionally much greater for the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort, for example, the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem that this interminably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a grave disadvantage for survival. Fortunately, muscle glycogen is used only when needed and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times of panic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ） .2.According to the author, a major limitation of anaerobic glycolysis is that it can（ ） .3.The passage suggests that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrates size because（ ） .4.The author is most probably addressing which of the following audiences?5.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?问题1选项A.refute a misconception about anaerobic glycolysisB.explain anaerobic glycolysis and its effects on animal survivalC.describe the limitations of anaerobic glycolysisD.analyze the chemistry of anaerobic glycolysis and its similarity to oxidative metabolism问题2选项A.produce in large animals more lactic acid than the liver can safely reconvertB.necessitate a dangerously long recovery period in large animalsC.produce energy more slowly than it can