2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题His _ mannerisms irritated many of us who had known him before his promotion.问题1选项A.aestheticB.adverseC.adroitD.affected【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项aesthetic表示“美的，美学的，审美的”，B项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”，C项adroit表示“敏捷的，灵巧的”，D项affected表示“受到影响的，（人或行为）做作的，假装的”。根据irritated many of us（激怒了我们很多人）可知，“做作的”符合语境。句意：他装模作样的举止激怒了我们中很多在他升职前就认识他的人。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题Gluttonous when it comes to chocolate, Justin eats this decadent treat_. 问题1选项A.furtivelyB.fleetinglyC.voraciouslyD.covertly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项“偷偷地”，B项“飞快地”，C项“贪婪地；狼吞虎咽地”，D项“偷偷摸摸地”。根据句意：一提到巧克力就馋嘴，Justin 吃着这种颓废的食物。因此只有C项符合。3. 单选题I am sure that Smith will _ what I have said.问题1选项A.bear upB.bear outC.bear downD.bear away【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项bear up“使振作，不气馁”，B项bear out“证实，支持”，C项bear down“击败，压倒”，D项bear away“改变航道，夺走，夺取”。由sure可知，空格处填入“支持”符合语境。句意：我相信史密斯会支持我所说的话。因此，该题选择B项。4. 单选题The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.问题1选项A.destroyB.inveighC.mandateD.strengthen【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。题干invalidate“使无效，使作废”。A项“摧毁，破坏”，B项“抨击，痛骂”，C项“授权”，D项“加强，增强”。因此选A。句意：几乎没有或什么也没有得到的亲戚声称，死者在签署文件时精神不正常，遗嘱无效。5. 单选题Pollution is a “dirty” word. To pollute means to contaminate topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make (51) unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, (52) it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and (53) surprisingly, it is beginning to (54) our health, our happiness, and our civilization.Once we thought of pollution (55) meaning simply the smogthe choking, stinging, dirty (56) that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is (57) the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several (58) attack the most basic life functions.Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, (59) the wildlife. By (60) sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our (61) water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and (62) depriving ourselves (63) an invaluable food supply.Part of the problem is our exploding (64). More and more people are producing more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throwaway” technology. Each year Americans (65) of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer wise to reuse anything, Today almost everything is disposable.问题1选项A.itB.themC.peopleD.some问题2选项A.masterB.tasteC.touchD.get问题3选项A.thereforeB.quiteC.yetD.not问题4选项A.curseB.threatenC.cutD.connect问题5选项A.asB.overC.forD.to问题6选项A.atmosphereB.airC.surroundingD.rain问题7选项A.notB.yetC.stillD.far问题8选项A.whichB.whatC.whyD.where问题9选项A.killsB.killedC.killD.killing问题10选项A.dumpB.dumpingC.castD.casting问题11选项A.pollutantB.usedC.drinkingD.dirty问题12选项A.soB.therebyC.becauseD.for问题13选项A.overB.offC.fromD.of问题14选项A.peopleB.personC.populationD.human问题15选项A.disposeB.dispatchC.disperseD.discover【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A【解析】51.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查代词使用。空格部分所在的which引导的从句是一个定语从句修饰先行词impurities，在从句中做主语，从句中缺少宾语，结合前面的主句可知，空格处填入的是topsoil or something，所以用it来指代。句意：污染是指通过引入杂质来污染表土或其他东西，使其不适合或不洁净使用。因此，该题选择A项正确。52.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A项master“掌握”，B项taste“尝”，C项touch“触摸”，D项get“得到”。上文提到“污染有很多种形式”，所以下文是对上文的解释，这句的意思是“我们看得见它，闻得见它，它，喝它，而且在它中间挣扎”，结合常识可知，只有“尝”是最合适的。句意：我们可以看见它，闻到它，尝到它，喝到它，从它中间挣扎走过。因此，该题选择B项正确。53.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项therefore“因此”，B项quite“非常”，C项yet“然而，还”，D项not表否定。前半句句意是“我们真地生活在污染中，呼吸着它”，而后半句意为“它开始我们的健康、幸福和文明”显然，前后句子是因果关系，故中间的surprisingly前只能加个否定词not。因此，该题选择D项正确。54.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项curse“诅咒，咒骂”，B项threaten“威胁，恐吓”，C项cut“割破，（用刀等）切下”，D项connect“连接，联合”。此空缺少一个动词，根据后面的our health, our happiness, and our civilization（我们的健康、幸福和文明），结合前面提到的pollution可知，“威胁”符合。句意：我们简直生活在污染中，呼吸着它，毫不奇怪，它开始威胁我们的健康、我们的幸福和我们的文明。因此，该题选择B项正确。55.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项as“作为，因为”，B项over“在之上，关于”，C项for“为了”，D项to“对于”。根据前面的think of可知，think of sth. as sth.固定短语，表示“把某物想成某物，当作”。句意：我们曾经把污染只是想成烟雾。因此，该题选择A项正确。56.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项atmosphere“（围绕地球的）大气，（房间、封闭空间或某处的）空气”，B项air“（环绕地球和我们呼吸的气体的混合物）空气”，C项surrounding“环境，周围的事物”，D项rain“雨，下雨”。根据句意“盘旋在城市上空的令人窒息、刺痛、肮脏的”，结合前半句提到的smog（烟雾）可知，B项“空气”符合语境。句意：我们曾经认为污染仅仅是指烟雾盘旋在城市上空的令人窒息、刺痛、肮脏的空气。因此，该题选择B项正确。57.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项not表否定