2022年考博英语-郑州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The world may be becoming a more female-friendly place but corporate boardroom are not, with women holding under 3 percent of top management jobs in Western firms, according to a United Nations survey issued recently. The report entitled Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in Management, is published by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The report, subtitled as Progress and obstacles to women equal professional and managerial status, presents the most recent trends on the situation of women in professional and managerial jobs. It also highlights some of the institutional and attitudinal prejudices that continue to hamper (妨碍)womens progress into top jobs, and it describes good practices in support of women managers. Women make up over 40 percent of the worlds workforce, but even when they make it through the “glass ceiling”an invisible barrier of male-dominated prejudices and networks they earn far less than men, the ILO report said.“Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading position in major corporations and private sector organizations, irrespective of their responsibilities,” said author Linda Mirth. “The higher the position, the more glaring the gender gap.” The ILO said men traditionally rely on “old boy” networks to climb up the ladder. Women are more “invisible” in the corporate world because they are less keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle against sexual harassment.A British study found that women in one company subjected to continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used. “Protesting and complaining earned them the label of feminist and whining（抱怨），while trying to be one of the men invited further harassment,” the ILO report said.A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 percent of board members were women. In the F1SE top 10 companies listed in Britain, Women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female managers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterparts, the ILO report said.British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterparts putting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries.The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reported that the comparatively high proportion of women executives in large French companies -13 percent was now falling again from the 80s levels.1. What does the report mean by the term “glass ceiling”？2. According to the ILO report,（ ）.3. The ILO report（ ）.4. Which of the following strategies did women not use in their fight against sexual harassment?问题1选项A.A barrier of prejudices and networks that exist in some companies.B.A barrier of prejudice that men pretend does not exist.C.A level that women are trying to reach despite the difficulties put in the way.D.A level beyond which women cant really be promoted.问题2选项A.women no longer face work problems except in top management levelsB.there are serious problems facing women, especially in the boardrooms of Western firmsC.women still face serious work problems at all levels of western firmsD.women are having a better time in the world except in the boardrooms of western firms问题3选项A.is optimistic, in that once women break into top positions, they do well.B.is optimistic, because there is a growing realization that women in top positions do very well.C.is pessimistic, in that even the few women who get top positions have smaller salaries.D.is pessimistic, because no women even reach the highest positions in western boardrooms.问题4选项A.Sexual harassmentB.ComplainingC.ProtestingD.Trying to be friendly【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“报告中提到的玻璃天花板是什么意思？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“玻璃天花板由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍”（“glass ceiling- an invisible barrier of male-dominated prejudices and networks）；第一段提到国际劳动组织写的一篇报告，报告强调了女性进入高层的一些体制和态度上的偏见(It also highlights some of the institutional and attitudinal prejudices that continue to hamper womens progress into top jobs)，因此选项A“（玻璃天花板）指存在于一些公司的偏见和体系”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据国际劳工组织报道”。文章第一段第一句话提到“世界可能正在对女性变得友好，但是企业董事会却没有，联合国最近发布的一项调查显示，在西方公司，女性在最高管理职位中所占的比例不到3%”（The world may be becoming a more female-friendly place but corporate boardroom are not, with women holding under 3 percent of top management jobs in Western firms, according to a United Nations survey issued recently），由此可知选项D“除了在西方公司的董事会，女性的生活变好”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“国际劳工组织报道”。文章第一段提到国际劳工组织报告称，女性占全球劳动力的40%以上，但即使她们通过了“玻璃天花板由男性主导地位的偏见和体系所造成的一种无形的障碍她们的收入也远远低于男性”（Women make up over 40 percent of the worlds workforce, but even when they make it through the “glass ceiling- an invisible barrier of male-dom