2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 写作题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your Answer Sheet II.TOPICWhat marks the maturity (成熟) of a person? Give reasons or use examples to illustrate your points.【答案】【参考范文】When we are young, we have quite a selfish attitude towards life. Our priority is to seek personal happiness. We prefer to avoid activities we do not enjoy. As a result, our elders such as parents or teachers frequently resort to rewards or punitive measures to force us to assume responsibilities we would rather avoid.However, as we grow old, we learn that life is a lot more than pursuing personal happiness only. We realize that we have responsibilities not only towards ourselves but also towards other people as well as the greater society. This moment of realization is what marks the maturity of a person. We embrace the fact that we have different roles to play and each role may come with different sets of responsibilities. As an employee, we are responsible not only for ourselves but also have obligations towards fellow employees, the company, and external stakeholders such as the customers. As a parent, we have responsibilities towards our children. And as someone in an intimate relationship, we have responsibilities towards our significant half. Similarly, as a citizen, we have responsibilities towards fellow citizens as well as our country.A responsible and mature person is often less selfish and more considerate towards other people than his or her younger selves. The maturity is the natural outcome of years of life experiences that turn us into wiser beings. While maturity helps us make better quality decisions, it also complicates the decision-making process. As young individuals, our decision-making process is often impulsive and intuitive. However, as mature individuals, the decision-making process becomes deliberative because we consider the impact of our decisions on not only ourselves but also other people who may be affected by it.In conclusion, having a sense of responsibility marks the maturity of a person. With responsibility, a mature person is less selfish, wiser, and more considerate than his or her younger self. He or she may make the decisions slower as a mature person than as a young person but the decisions made as a mature person also tend to be of higher quality than those made as a young person.2. 单选题Bill was sitting and daydreaming so his mother told him to _ down to earth and to do his homework.问题1选项A.goB.comeC.narrowD.boil【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. go 去，走 B. come 来，到C. narrow 变窄，缩小 D. boil 沸腾，烧开【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“Bill was sitting and daydreaming（比尔正坐着做白日梦）”，so引导了一个结果状语从句，说明导致的结果是妈妈叫他去做某事，和“daydreaming（白日梦）”相对立的应该是面对现实。come down to earth是固定搭配，意为“回到现实，面对现实”，因此B选项come“来，到”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项go“去，走”，go down to指延续至，一直到某处；C选项narrow“变窄，缩小”，narrow down to指缩小到某个范围；D选项boil“沸腾，烧开”，boil down to指归结为，归根结底；均不能和“earth（土地）”构成固定搭配。【句意】比尔正坐着做白日梦，所以他妈妈叫他面对现实，去做家庭作业。3. 单选题Packages are so widespread that they slip _ conscious notice.问题1选项A.belowB.beforeC.beneathD.beyond【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. below 在下面 B. before 在之前C. beneath 低于，次于 D. beyond 超过，超越【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“包装很普遍（Packages are widespread）”，so that引导了一个结果状语从句，表示包装如此普遍导致的结果是什么。既然是很普遍、常见的包装，那么人们就不会注意到它。beneath notice是固定搭配，意为“不值得注意，无足轻重”，因此C选项beneath“低于，次于”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项below“在下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B选项before“在之前”指处于某事物前面的位置，D选项beyond“超过，超越”指对某事物来说太远或太超前，均不能构成相应的固定搭配。【句意】包装是如此普遍，以至于它们不会被人们所注意。4. 单选题We do need help from others, but well never _ others for support.问题1选项A.indulge inB.engage inC.embark onD.lean on【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. indulge in 沉湎于，沉溺于 B. engage in 从事，参加C. embark on 着手，开始 D. lean on 依靠，依赖【考查点】动词词组辨析。【解题思路】空格处和下文的“others（别人）”构成动宾逻辑，目的是为了“support（得到支持）”。由but可知，前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系，前半句说到“我们确实需要别人的帮助（do need help）”，说明虽然需要别人的帮助，但会自己努力，而不是依赖于别人予以支持。lean on指依靠某人或某物的帮助和支持，因此D选项lean on“依靠，依赖”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项indulge in“沉湎于，沉溺于”指放任自己做喜欢的事情，尤其是有害的事，不能和“support（支持）”进行搭配；B选项engage in“从事，参加”指参加到某个活动中，不符合题干的语义逻辑；C选项embark on“着手，开始”指开始做新的或困难的事，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】我们确实需要别人的帮助，但我们绝不依赖别人的支持。5. 翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. (1) Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is incr