地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型(rock type )petrology 岩石学pi:tr?l ?d?iigneous rock 火成岩 i6 ?smagmatic rock 岩浆岩m?gm?tik lava (vocanic rock )火山岩lav ?,l?v ?intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩 intru:siv effusive rock喷出岩ifju:sivplutonic rock深成岩plu:t ?nikpypabyssal rock 浅成岩 acid rock 酸性岩? sid intermediate rock 中性岩,int?mi:dj ?t, -dieit basic rock 基性岩beisik ultrabasic rock 超基性岩,?ltr?beisik granite 花岗岩 g?nit porphyry 斑岩p?:firi porphyrite 玲岩p?:firait rhyolite rai ?lait流纹岩 syenite saiinait正长岩 trachyte treikait, tr?-粗面岩 diorite dai ?rait闪长岩 andesite ? ndizait安山岩 gabbro g? br?u辉长岩 basalt b? s?:lt玄武岩 aplite ? plait细 晶岩 pegmatite pe gm?tait伟晶岩 lamprophyre l? mpr?,fai?煌斑岩 diabase dai ?beis辉绿岩 dunite d?nait橄榄岩 pumice p?mis浮岩 sedimentary rock ,sediment ?ri沉积岩 clastic kl? stik碎屑岩 clay rock klei黏土岩 chemical rock kemik ?l化学岩 biolith bai?uli。注物岩 conglomerate k?n d?m?r?t, -reit, k ?n d?m?reit砾岩 siltstone siltst ?un粉砂岩 mudstone m?dst?un泥岩 shale ?eil页岩 saline rock seilain, -li:n岩盐 limestone laimst ?un石灰岩 dolomite d?l?mait白云岩 marl m al泥灰岩volcanic breccia v?lk? nik bret ?i?火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate ?m?r?t,-reit, ?d?m?reit火山块集岩tuff t?f凝灰岩metamorphic rock ,met ?m?:fik 变质岩slate sleit板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss nais片麻岩quartzite kw ?:tsait石英岩marble m abl大理岩mylonite mail ?nait, mil- 糜棱岩migmatite mi ？tait混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment (deposit ) sedim ?nt沉积物、沉积层boulder b?uld?漂石、顽石cobble k?bl卵石gravel y? v?l砾石sand s? nd砂silt silt粉土clay klei粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam l?um壤土、亚黏土regolith (topsoil ) re g?li。浮土(表土)loess l?uis黄土laterite l? t?rait红土peat pi:t泥炭ooze u:z软泥(海泥)地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质( physical character of minerals )hardness h adnis硬度luster l?st?光泽color k?l?颜色transparency ( pellucidity ) tr? nsp? r?nsi,-p e? tr? nz-, tr an-透明度streak stri:k条痕rent (fracture ) rent断口crystal form krist?l晶形classification /,kl? sifikei ?n/分类structure str?kt?构造texture tekst?结构fabric f? brik组成mineral composition ,k?mp?zi?n矿物组成crystalline krist ?lain结晶质amorphous substance ?m ?：f?ss ?bst ?ns非品质fossil f?s?i化石degree of rounding raundi?磨圆度degree of grains geins 粒度地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质(engineering geology )geotechnics (geotechnique ) 土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学(岩石力学)engineering geological conditions工程地质条件engineering geological problems 工程地质问题rock mass structure岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions水文地质条件natural materials天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress构造应力residual stress残余应力angle of internal friction内摩擦角cohesion内聚力(凝聚力、粘聚力)pressure tunnel压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock (base rock foundation rock ) 基岩firm rock (sound rock ) 硬岩weak rock (soft rock ) 软岩interbed 夹层zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity )上均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造(geologic structure ) fault f?：it断层normal fault n?：m?i正断层reversed faultriv?：st逆断层paralled fault平移断层gouge *ud?断层泥stria strai ?擦痕joint d?int节理primary joint praim ?ri原生节理secondary sek?nd?ri次生节理tension jointten ?n张节理unloading joint,?nl?udi?卸荷节理schistosity ?ist?siti片理bedding bedi?层理foliation 板理(叶理)ripple mark ripl波痕mud crack m?d kr? k泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock ,?:rientei ?n, ?u-岩层产状strike straik走向dip dip倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold f?uld褶皱anticline ? ntiklain背斜syncline si?klain, sin -向斜monocline (homocline) m?n?uklain 单斜dome d?um穹隆soft stratum软弱岩层zone of fracture (broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure板状构造cleavage kli:vid ?解理fracture (rupture ) fr? kt?断裂fissure (crack fracture ) fi?裂隙地质矿产英语常用词?匚：地质年代( geochronology of geologic time )Archaeozoic era(erathem), 太古代(界)Proterozoic era(erathem), 元古代(界)Palaeozoic era (erathem), 古生代(界)Mesozoic era (erathem),中生代(界)Cenozoic era (erathem), 新生代(界)Sinian period (system), 震旦纪(系)Cambrian period (system), 寒武纪(系)Ordovician period (system), 奥陶纪(系)Silurian period （ system ） ，志留纪（系） Devonian period （ system ） ，泥盆纪（系） Carboniferous period （ system ） ，石炭纪（系） Permian period （ system ） ，二叠纪（系） Triassic period （ system ） ，三叠纪（系） Jurassic period （ system ） ，侏罗纪（系） Cretaceous period （ system ） ，白垩纪（系） Tertiary period （ system ） ，第三纪（系） Quaternary period （ system ） ，第四纪（系）