2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. Were told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extrovertswhich means that weve lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introvertsin the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If youre not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.If these statistics surprise you, thats probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life eventa layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they likejolts（震惊）them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Idealthe omnipresent（无所不在的）belief that the ideal self is gregarious（社交的）,and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individualthe kind whos comfortable “putting himself out there.” Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.Introversionalong with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology（变态）. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a mans world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but weve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatizedone informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventionsfrom the theory of evolution to van Goghs sunflowers to the personal computercame from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.1.According to the author, there exists, as far as personality styles are concerned, a discrepancy between（ ）.2.The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.According to the author, our society only permits（ ）to have whatever personality they like.4.According to the passage, which of the following statements BEST reflects the authors opinion?5.The author winds up the passage with a（ ）note.问题1选项A.what people say they can do and what they actually canB.what society values and what people pretend to beC.what people profess and what statistics showD.what people profess and what they hide from others问题2选项A.doubtfulB.sociableC.determinedD.bold问题3选项A.the youngB.the ordinaryC.the artisticD.the rich问题4选项A.Introversion is seen as an inferior trait because of its association with sensitivity.B.Extroversion is arbitrary forced by society as a norm upon people.C.Introverts are generally regarded as either unsuccessful or as deficient.D.Extroversion and introversion have similar personality trait profiles.问题5选项A.cautiousB.warningC.positiveD.humorous【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts（我们把自己看作是一个外向的国家三分之一到一半的美国人是内向的）和第二段中的If these statistics surprise you, thats probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts.（如果这些统计数据让你感到惊讶，那可能是因为太多人假装外向）可知人们宣称的结果与统计的结果存在不一致，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taki