2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides （杀虫剂）. Says he: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms （磨菇）might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives （添加剂）. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “Weve got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.1.What does the author think of the Americans view of their food?2.The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because（）.3.By saying they employ chemical warfare（Line 3, Para. 2）, Bruce Ames means （）.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on（）.5.What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?问题1选项A.They overstate the governments interference with the food industry.B.They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C.They overestimate the hazards of their food.D.They overlook the risks of the food they eat.问题2选项A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.almost all foods have additives问题3选项A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases问题4选项A.the governmentB.the consumerC.the processorD.the grower问题5选项A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B.Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C.Health food is not a dream in modern society.D.There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段的第一句“Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.”许多美国人严重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句“Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing.”可知选项A符合原文。3.词义题。结合上下文可知，本句意为：因为植物没有下颚和牙齿来保护自己，所以它们会产生某种化学物质。选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly.”也许最重要的是，消费者将不得不更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。选项B正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容，首段提到美国人严重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害，尾段提到政府可以采取措施管控，但关键在于消费者。也就是说，对于食品消费，我们有理由谨慎，但没有理由惊慌。选项D符合原文。2. 单选题Mr. Smith asked his secretary to（ ） a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.问题1选项A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。 invade侵入；install安装；insert 插入, 镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr. Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；c