2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The moist air of the Pacific Ocean brings a （ ） climate to the west coast of the United States.问题1选项A.chillyB.temperateC.modestD.compromising【答案】B【解析】句意：太平洋潮湿的空气给美国西海岸带来了温和的气候。气候温和用temperate climate, 所以选项B正确。2. 单选题In Briton the robin is a small bird, but its（ ）in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。species物种, 种类；counterpart相似物；analogy 类比, 类似；category种类, 分类。选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。3. 单选题People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “ nature/nurture”.Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist B.F. Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic, they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.1.Which of the following statements would supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?2.Which of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture” theory agree with?3.B.F. Skinner （ ）.4.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article （ ）.5.In the U.S, black people often score people on intelligence tests. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is not true?问题1选项A.A persons inducts have little effect on his actions.B.Environment is important in determining a persons behavior and personalityC.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists view correctly explains how we act.问题2选项A.Environment has little to do with behaviorB.Behaviorist theory is not correctC.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D.A persons character is greatly influenced by his environment问题3选项A.supports the nature theoryB.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterC.believes instincts govern behaviorD.believes in the importance of genes in determining personality问题4选项A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.问题5选项A.Nature proponents would say that whites are genetically superior to blacksB.Nurture proponents would disagree that blacks are biologically inferior to whitesC.Supporters of the nature theory would say that whites score well because they have a superior environmentD.Behaviorists would say that blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that whites enjoy【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. ”那些支持“先天性”的人认为, 我们的个性和行为模式在很大程度上是由生物学和基因因素决定的。选项C符合原文。2.根据第一句可知, “后天性”理论的支持者认为, 环境比基于生物学的本能更能决定我们的行为模式。所以选项D正确。3.根据第四段第二句“A behaviorist B.F. Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.”行为主义者B.F.Skinner认为, 人类的行为几乎完全是由周围环境塑造的。选项B符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知, 这两种理论都不能完全解释人类的行为。事实上, 我们行为的关键很可能在这两个极端之间。选项D符合原文。5.选项C说“先天性”理论的支持者认为白人得分高是因为他们拥有优越的环境。很显然是错误的, 因为环境影响是“后天性”支持者的看法。所以本题选C。4. 单选题He gave us an（ ）consent to take the apples, for he smiled when he saw us do it问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.implicitC