2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 不定项选择题The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive.Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.3. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?4. The author implies that（ ）.5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Methods of production.B.Appearance of craft guilds.C.Increased trade volume.D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.问题2选项A.popularB.obsoleteC.potentialD.extensive问题3选项A.Smelting industryB.Mining industryC.BankingD.Weaving问题4选项A.the guild system was more efficientB.the domestic system was capitalisticC.the technical advance stimulated the guild systemD.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system问题5选项A.Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A “生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. 当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。第2题:词义辨析题。第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular “流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. 工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。第4题:细节事实题。作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。第5题:细节事实题。根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家 庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers 羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。2. 单选题Last we