2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。【答案】1. Scientists are a group of people who possess special abilities to think and analyze things and have endless patience in observing and data collecting. They all try to discern the nature and find out regulations through the disorderly appearance.2. The most vital problems we faced with at that time were the shortage of laborers, the lack of university teachers in the training of those laborers, and the decline in the researching capability caused by the lack of university teachers and modern equipment used for education and technology research.3. Science always focuses on realities. It needs the conscientious requirement for knowledge and permits of no false. Meanwhile, it involves peoples creation and imagination. And imagination can break the limitation of traditions and develop the science constantly.4. Dont be disappointed if you fail in the career you have done. The word “I have experienced failure for three times” is absolutely different from the word “I am a loser”. As long as you dont deny yourself, do not identify yourself with the failure, and try to learn something from your failure, you will be likely to succeed in the future.2. 单选题Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.问题1选项A.plantB.been extinctC.fifty million yearD.near【答案】A【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题She is trying to（ ）him by phone as she has some very important news for him.问题1选项A.touchB.reachC.relateD.connect【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。touch “感动”;reach “取得联系，到达”relate “有关联”;connect “连接”句意：她正在试着打电话和他获得联系，因为她有重要的消息告诉他。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be（ ）by this device.问题1选项A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。ignite多用于指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来；light指易燃物发光；fire指将某物点燃，使其燃烧；而inspire则强调灵感。句意：大陆导弹的燃料应该是由这个装置点燃的。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W Griffith. Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By putting images together and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the victorian novel to film and gave film mastery o time as well as space.Besides developing the cinemas language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Ardenin 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffiths introduction o the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elabor