2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine (尿).After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.The best evidence to date concerns folate （叶酸）,one of the B vitamins. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos （胚胎）,and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesnt seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage.Despite vitamin Cs great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes （排泄）any excess.The multivitamins question boils down to this： Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that theres enough evidence that they dont hurt and could help?If the latter, theres no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.1.At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins2.According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements （ ）3.It has been found that vitamin E（ ） .4.It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins （ ）.5.The author concludes the passage with the advice that（ ） .问题1选项A.could not easily be absorbed by the human bodyB.were potentially harmful to peoples healthC.were too expensive for daily consumptionD.could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies问题2选项A.often result in misleading conclusionsB.take time and will not produce conclusive resultsC.should be conducted by scientists on a larger scaleD.appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources问题3选项A.should be taken by patients regularly and persistentlyB.can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart diseaseC.has a preventive but not curative effect on heart diseaseD.should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible问题4选项A.may bring about serious side effectsB.may help prevent excessive bleedingC.are likely to induce the blockage of arteriesD.are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies问题5选项A.the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced dietB.its risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific functionC.the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimatedD.its reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章开篇第一句话For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine. 很多年来，医生告诫他们的病人服用复合维生素只会导致他们多尿。由此可知，对于医生来说，维生素很难被吸收，都会通过尿液排出。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句话提到所有的维他命供应都会在实验的基础上进行科学的评估。接下来第三句话“但是这些研究需要花费大量时间，并且会提出更多的问题”。选项B符合题意。3.文章第四段“It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage ”（维他命E被证明可以预防但是对已经严重的病没有效果。）选项C符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到吃过量的维他命会造成一些问题，比如血流不止和神经系统方面的问题。选项A中的serious side effects 与这些信息对应，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到人们对于维生素应该采取的态度：潜在的好处都不会太大，但是会带来长久的好处，平时服用维生素对身体是很有好处的。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题He opened his lips as if （ ）something.问题1选项A.sayingB.having saidC.to have saidD.to say【答案】D【解析】考查as if的用法。as if引导从句，结构是“主语+系动词”，并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是：he opened his lips as if he was going to say something.