Unit 31get into the habit of 養成的習慣 說明 be in/have the habit of + Ving則意為有做的習慣，類似的片語有make a habit of + Ving、make it a habit + to V等。例句 1. Let the children get into the habit ofkeeping early hours.(讓孩子們養成早睡早起的習慣。)2. Tom is in/has the habit ofdoing exercise every day.(Tom有每天運動的習慣。)3. Helen makes a habit oflistening to the radio when cooking.Helen makes it a habitto listen to the radio when cooking.(Helen做飯時有聽收音機的習慣。)練習 1. 如果你養成不注意新資訊的習慣，你就會有記憶方面的問題。If you _ _ the _ _ not paying attention to new information, you may suffer memory problems.2. 我習慣今日事今日畢。I am _ the habit _ not putting off what I can do today until tomorrow.3. 我們勸Ben不要有向朋友借錢的習慣。We advised Ben not to _ a habit of borrowing money from his friends. We advised Ben not to _ _ a habit to borrow money from his friends.2on the other hand另一方面 說明 on the other hand是副詞片語，常置於句首，用以引導與前句相互矛盾的觀點或意見。注意on (the) one hand不可單獨使用，而須與on the other hand並用，但on the other hand卻不一定得和on (the) one hand並用。例句 1. On (the) one hand, skiing is a fun activity. But on the other hand, it is not easy. (一方面來說，滑雪是很好玩的活動；但另一方面來說，滑雪並不容易。)2. Making mistakes is never good. On the other hand, it pays if we can learn from it. (犯錯絕非好事，但反過來說，如果我們能從教訓中學習，那也值得。)練習 1. 另一方面，好的記憶力可能是好習慣的結果。 _ _ _ _, a good memory can result from good habits.2. 網路大規模地改善人類的生活，但反過來說，卻也導致不少社會問題。The Internet has improved human life on a large scale; _ _ _ _, it leads to many social problems as well.3A result from BA起因於B 說明 相當於B result in/lead to A，即B導致A。例句 1. My success results from working hard.Working hard results in/leads to my success. (我的成功是由於努力。)2. Kathys failure to catch the train resulted from oversleeping.Oversleeping resulted in/led to Kathys failure to catch the train.(Kathy睡過頭而沒趕上火車。)練習 _1. A good memory can result _ good habits.(A)at (B)from (C)to (D)into_2. The terrible typhoon _ many thousands of deaths.(A)led from (B)resulted from (C)resulted in (D)was the result of_3. My fathers illness _ overwork.(A)led to (B)led from (C)resulted in (D)resulted from4that is (to say)換言之 說明 that is為副詞片語，用來補充前面提到的事物，相當於in other words。例句 1. Every day I have to cook three meals, that is, breakfast, lunch, and dinner for my family. (每天我必須為家人煮三餐，也就是早餐，午餐和晚餐。)2. They just got married a week ago, that is, March 14.(他們一個禮拜前才結婚，也就是三月十四號。)3. Our boss is broke. That is, we are out of work.(我們老闆破產了；換言之，我們失業了。)練習 1. 記性好是起因於好習慣。換言之，為了改善你的記性，你必須革除壞習慣而養成好習慣。A good memory can result from good habits. _ _, to improve your memory, you must break your bad habits and develop good ones.2. Tony不停地打呵欠；換言之，他睏了。Tony keeps yawning; _ _, he is sleepy.3. Stella是個素食主義者；換句話說，她不吃肉。Stella is a vegetarian; _ _ _, she doesnt eat meat.5Gerunds (Ving) 說明 動名詞(gerund)可當句子的主詞、主詞補語、及物動詞或介系詞的受詞，它當主詞時須用單數形動詞。例句 1. Collecting stampsis my hobby. (集郵是我的嗜好。)(當主詞用，注意動詞用單數形)2. My dream is . (我的夢想是環遊世界。)3. They enjoy playing tennis when they are free. (有空時，他們喜歡打網球。)(當及物動詞的受詞用)4. Dont be afraid of . (別害怕開口說英語。)練習1. 運用頭腦是保持頭腦敏銳的最佳方法。_ your mind _ the best way to keep it sharp.2. 太依賴父母會使小孩難於獨立。_ heavily _ parents will make it difficult for children to stand on their own feet.3. 我記得在某處見過這個女士。I remember _ this lady somewhere before.6S + spend + 時間/金錢 + on + N/Ving 花費在 例句 1. Tina spent two hours on the letter.Tina spent two hours writing the letter. (Tina花兩小時寫了這封信。)2. Tim spends all his money on the sport car.Tim spends all his money buying the sport car.(Tim把他所有的錢花在這台跑車上。)練習 _1. Watching television is an activity that most of us spend too much time _.(A)for (B)on (C)in (D)to_2. Judy is too busy to spend any time exercise every day.(A)doing (B)in (C)to do (D)for doing補充 某人浪費時間或金錢亦可用此句型：S + waste + 時間/金錢 + on + N/Ving。例句 Dont waste your time on video games.Dont waste your time playing video games.(別浪費你的時間在電動遊戲上。)7The more/er., the more/er. 愈，愈 說明 此句型表示某事物與另一事物在數量或程度上以相同的比例增減，其基本句型為The + 形容詞比較級(+名詞)/副詞比較級 + S + V, the + 形容詞比較級(+名詞)/副詞比較級 + S + V。例句 1. The higher you go, the colder you feels. (你愈往上走，你就愈覺得冷。)2. The more snacks Stacy eats, the more weight she gains.(Stacy吃愈多零食，體重就增加愈多。)練習 1. 你花在這些節目的時間愈多，你的心智運用就愈少。_ _ time you spend _ these programs, _ _ mental exercise you get.2. 我們讀的書愈多，得到的知識就愈多。 _ _ books we read, _ _ knowledge we have.3. 我們愈健康就活得愈久。_ _