2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If each representative present here makes his usual speech, the meeting will be （ ）more than an hour.问题1选项A.expandedB.prolongedC.delayedD.exceeded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。2. 翻译题Put the following into Chinese.Where the paradigm of war applies, the executive dominates in deciding who lives or dies. Justice OConnor nonetheless claimed in Hamdi (案件名称)that the war on terror does not give the executive a blank check (自由处理权) to do as it pleases in the name of security. If one accepts this premise, then the question becomes how to control the executives war power without unduly hampering it. Under a Mathews-style approach, to determine whether due process demands a particular procedural control over targeted killing (ARA), one should: (a) identify the range of legitimate interests that the procedure might protect; (b) assess the degree to which adoption of the procedure actually would protect these interests; and (c) weigh these marginal benefits against the damage the procedure may cause to other legitimate interests.Judicial control of targeted killing could increase the accuracy of target selection, reducing the danger of mistaken or illegal destruction of lives, limbs, and property. Independent judges who double-check targeting decisions could catch errors and cause executive officials to avoid making them in the first place.More broadly, judicial control of targeted killing could serve the interests of all people targets and non-targets in blocking the executive from exercising an unaccountable, secret power to kill. If possible, we should avoid a world in which the CIA or other executive officials have unbelievable power to decide who gets to live and who dies in the name of a shadow war that might never end. Everyone has a cognizable interest in stopping a slide into tyranny.【答案】在战争模式适用的情况下，行政机构主导决定谁生谁死。尽管如此，奥康纳法官在哈姆迪案件中声称，反恐战争并没有给行政机构自由处理权，让他们以安全的名义随心所欲地行事。如果人们接受这一前提，那么问题就变成了如何在不过度阻碍行政权力的前提下控制其战争权力。根据马修斯风格的方法，要确定正当程序是否需要对有目标的杀戮(ARA)进行特定的程序控制，应该:(a)确定程序可能保护的合法利益范围;(b)评估采用这一程序实际能在多大程度上保护这些利益;(c)权衡这些边际利益与程序可能造成的其他合法利益的损害。对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以提高目标选择的准确性，减少错误或非法毁坏生命、肢体和财产的危险。反复检查目标决策的独立法官可能会发现错误，并导致行政官员一开始就避免制造这些错误。从更广泛的意义上讲，对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以服务于所有人的利益，不管是目标人群和还是非目标人群，它可以阻止行政部门行使不负责任的秘密权力来进行杀戮。如果可能的话，我们应该避免这样一个世界：中央情报局或其他行政官员拥有令人难以置信的权力，以可能永远不会结束的影子战争的名义来决定谁生谁死。每个人对于反对暴政都有明显的兴趣。3. 单选题You should dim your lights in order not to dazzle the（ ） traffic.问题1选项A.meetingB.facingC.advancingD.oncoming【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。4. 单选题The government officials estimate that the war has created more than half a million（ ）who need immediate food, clothing and shelter.问题1选项A.exilesB.hostagesC.survivorsD.refugees【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题My brother is a painter and works in a（ ）.问题1选项A.studioB.stallC.senateD.stage【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项studio“工作室，画室”；B选项stall“货摊”；C选项senate“参议院”；D选项stage“舞台”。句意：我的兄弟是个画家，在一个画室工作。选项A符合语境。6. 单选题Im sure that I can soon（ ）him into accepting our plan.问题1选项A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。talk sb into.表示“说服某人做某事”。句意：我确信我很快就能说服他接受我们的计划。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题A good scientist（ ）into all aspects of a problem in order to find solutions.问题1选项A.pricksB.pokesC.probesD.peers【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项prick“戳，扎破”；B选项poke“戳，刺”；C选项probe“调查”；D选项peer“凝视”。句意：一个好的科学家会对调查问题的各个方面，以便找到解决办法。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occ