2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The increasing popularity of the motorcycle as a convenience, economical form of transportation has been just short of astounding.问题1选项A.popularityB.convenienceC.formD.just short【答案】B【解析】根据题中的“economical”可知，B项的convenience应该用形容词形式，构成一个并列关系，都用来修饰form，句意：摩托车作为一种经济方便的交通形式正在日益普及，真是令人震惊。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude of industrial and com mercial uses.问题1选项A.AlwaysB.plasticsC.to haveD.a multitude of【答案】A【解析】根据题意，A选项句首应该为ever since“自从”，句意：自从发明了电影胶片，人们发现塑料有很多商业和工业的用途。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题We shall probably never be able to（ ） the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】考查上下文动词词义解析。assert “维护，主张”；impart “给予，传授”；ascertain “确定，查明”；notify “通知，公布”。句意：我们也许永远不能确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。选项C符合题意4. 单选题The spontaneity of children s artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity of much of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.问题1选项A.setsB.apart fromC.much ofD.go on【答案】D【解析】根据题中“much of those”可知，D选项中go应该用第三人称单数形式“goes”，句意：儿童艺术作品的自发性有别于传统小学课堂上的规范的一致性。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of （ ） in the family.问题1选项A.controversyB.frictionC.restrictionD.contradiction【答案】B【解析】名词词义解析。controversy “辩论”；friction “摩擦”；restriction “，约束”； contradiction “矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题In most earthquakes the Earth s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earths mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a lime difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus，or a rupture point.For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest for a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.1.The passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?3.The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?4.The authors explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?问题1选项A.demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawedB.defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting themC.discussing the evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that allow them to occurD.comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events问题2选项A.The earthquake was a deep event.B.The earthquake was a shallow eventC.The earthquake focus was distant.D.The earthquake had a low peak intensity.问题3选项A.Stress must build up.B.Cool rock must descend into the mantle.C.A fracture must occur.D.Both A and C.问题4选项A.Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B.Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C.Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.D.The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously though.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“How can there be earthquakes at such depths”，首先提出了问题， “这么深的地方是如何发生地震的”，文章第二段介绍了地震学家证明了这种深层地震的存在，根据第三段，“Both the P-S int