2022年考博英语-华中科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题一位专家近日称，漱口水（Mouthwashes）可能会导致口腔癌，并呼吁超市停售这类产品。1. 澳大利亚一名科学家对近期的一些相关研究进行调研后做出评论：目前有“足够的证据”可证明含有酒精的漱口水会增加患口腔癌的风险。麦克尔迈克洛夫教授称，一些漱口水比葡萄酒或啤酒还要危险，因为它们所含的酒精浓度较高，达到26%。该研究结果在澳大利亚口腔健康期刊上发表。迈克洛夫教授指出，漱口水应需处方才能购买，而且建议只能短期使用。他说：“我们发现口腔癌患者正是使用了含有酒精的漱口水，而并未涉及其他风险因素，所以在这项研究中，我们深入分析了现有的全部病例。”2. 吸烟和饮酒已被认定为口腔癌的主要发病因素，每年英国有五千人患口腔癌，死亡病例达1600人。来自墨尔本大学的迈克洛夫教授称，漱口水中的酒精会导致烟碱等致癌物更易渗入口腔内壁。而且酒精的代谢产物乙醛也容易通过漱口过程在口腔中堆积，这种物质也会致癌。3.该评论报告了一项有3210人参加的全球性研究提供的证据。这项研究发现，每天用漱口水是导致患头颈癌的一个“很重要的风险因素”。【答案】1. There is sufficient evidence that those containing alcohol contribute to increased risk of the disease, according to a review of the latest studies by an Australian scientist.2. Smoking and alcohol consumption are well-established risk factors in oral cancer which is diagnosed in 5,000 people in the UK each year, and causes 1,600 deaths.3. The review reported evidence from an international study of 3,210 people which found daily mouthwash use was a significant risk factor for head and neck cancer.2. 单选题The teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the development of a literate society. And every teacher, （1） , needs to determine what level of literacy is （2） by society, what role he or she should take in （3） the desired standard of literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in a world context.The Unesco report presents a world （4） of literacy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the （5） small proportion of illiterates in our own country and fail to see it in its international （6）.The problems （7） developing nations are also facing industrialized nations. Literacy, as the report points out, is “inextricably intertwined with other aspects of national development”, (and)national development as a whole is bound （8） with the world context. Literacy is not a by-product of social and economical development it is a （9） of that development. Literacy can help people to function more effectively in a changing （10） and ideally will enable the individual to change the environment so that it functions more effectively.Literacy progammes （11） in different countries have taken and are taking different （12） to the problem: for example the involvement of voluntary non-governmental organizations, which （13） the importance of seeing literacy not as a condition imposed on people but as a consequence of active participation （14） society. People can learn from the attempts of other countries to provide as （15） “literacy environment”.Who are the “illiterates” and how do we define them? At what point do we decide that illiteracy ends and literacy begins? Robert Hillerich （16） these questions. An illiterate, he finds, “may mean anything from one who has no formal schooling to one who has attended four years or less, to one who is unable to read or write at the level necessary to （17） successfully in his social position.” Literacy, he points out, is not something one either has or has not got: “Any definition of literacy must recognize this quality as a continuum, representing all （18） of development.”An educational definition i.e. in terms of grades completed or skills mastered is shown to be inadequate in （19） educationally defined mastery may bear only minimal relation to the language proficiency needed in coping with environmental demands. From a sociological/economic viewpoint the literacy needs of individuals vary greatly, and any definition must recognize the needs of the individual to engage effectively and to act （20） responsible participation.Such a broadened definition excludes assessment based on a “reading-level type”;assessment must, rather, be flexible to fit both purpose and population.问题1选项A.thereforeB.in additionC.howeverD.nevertheless问题2选项A.askedB.knownC.demandedD.obtained问题3选项A.achievingB.gettingC.fulfillingD.accomplishing问题4选项A.opinionB.ideaC.pointD.view问题5选项A.relativelyB.particularlyC.possiblyD.definitely问题6选项A.situationB.contextC.environmentD.atmosphere问题7选项A.facingB.confrontingC.encounteringD.meeting问题8选项A.toB.inC.upD.across问题9选项A.componentB.elementC.ingredientD.factor问题10选项A.tendencyB.environmentC.inclinationD.development问题11选项A.institutedB.rootedC.deprivedD.revealed问题12选项A.waysB.methodsC.approachesD.means问题13选项A.underlinesB.indicatesC.impliesD.understates问题14选项A.intoB.withinC.inD.inside问题15选项A.adequateB.abundantC.overD.plenty问题16选项A.demandsB.addressesC.remainsD.maintains问题17选项A.performB.doC.participateD.anticipate问题18选项A.extentsB.formsC.degreesD.standards