2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the university to take in（ ）.问题1选项A.lodgersB.residentsC.settlersD.inhabitants【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。lodger 房客；residents 居民；settler 移民； inhabitant 居民。句意：附近只有少数被挑选的女房东被该大学允许租房给学生。A项符合句意，答案A。2. 单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.less likelyD.let alone【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。all else “其他所有”；much worse “更差”；less likely “最不可能的是”；let alone“更不必说”。句意：当今人们越来越不希望一生只干同样的工作，更不用说只待在一家公司了。D项符合句意，答案D3. 单选题In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and （ ）in the classroom.问题1选项A.skepticalB.faithfulC.obedientD.subsidiary【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical怀疑的；faithful忠诚的，尽职的；obedient顺从的，服从的；subsidiary辅助的，附属的。句意：在一些国家，人们期望学生们在课堂上保持安静、顺从听话。由“quiet and” 可推断and之后的词义应与quiet性质一致，故C项符合题意，答案C4. 单选题Macs close （ ）to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 resemblance to “与相像”。句意：麦克和弟弟长得很相像，人们常常把他们俩认错。由后文“people mistake them for one another”可知Mac两兄弟长得很像。答案A5. 单选题San Francisco climbs and falls over numerous hills, which provide （ ）views of the wide bay and the Golden Gate Bridge.问题1选项A.flashyB.transientC.breathtakingD.ambiguous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。 flashy “闪光的，瞬间的”； transient “短暂的”；breathtaking “惊人的，惊险的，令人激动的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：旧金山位于高低起伏的小山上，能让人们看到令人激动的大湾以及金门桥。由climbs and falls over numerous hills以及空格后的wide bay“宽阔海湾”可知海湾和金门桥的景象是令人激动的。答案C6. 单选题Sams close （ ）to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。accuracy“精确性”；confusion“混乱”；probability “可能性”； resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟长得很像，人们经常把他们弄混。D项符合题意，答案D7. 单选题They bought the land with an eye （ ）building a school for children in the village.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.atD.with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配with an eye to “着眼于，考虑到”。句意：他们考虑为这个村子的小孩修建一所学校而买了这块地。答案A8. 单选题A healthy diet includes lots of （ ）natural food with plenty of proteins and vitamins.问题1选项A.indigestibleB.wholesomeC.leftoverD.heavy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。indigestible 难消化的；wholesome益于健康的；leftover剩余的，残留物。句意：健康的饮食包含许多益于健康的纯天然食物，这些食物含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素。根据healthy diet可知空格处应填B，答案B9. 单选题Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly （ ）to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.问题1选项A.subjectiveB.subordinateC.liableD.vulnerable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。subjective 主观的，个人的；subordinate从属的，次要的；liable有倾向的，易的；vulnerable易受影响的。句意：一些研究人员意识到某些人的神经系统特别易受干燥的热风的影响，我们称这些人为天气敏感症患者。由weather sensitive people可知空格处所填单词应与sensitive意思一致，具有“易受影响的”意思，故答案D10. 单选题Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the productaccess to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize.The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred”.The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to realityEstivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merelycondemn advertising for channeling readers attention and desires towards an