2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Famed for their high-elevation forests, the Appalachian Mountains sweep south from Quebec to Alabama. Highest in New England and North Carolina, this broad system covers more than 1, 200 miles to form the rocky backbone of the eastern United States.The Blue Ridge Mountains form a substantial part, 615 miles, of the far-reaching Appalachians. They begin as a narrow, low ridge in Pennsylvania, then slowly spread and rise until they reach the height of 5, 938 feet at majestic Grandfather Mountain in North Carolina. The Blue Ridge technically includes among its major spurs the Great Smoky Mountains and the Black Mountains ; Mount Mitchell, in the latter range, is at 6, 684 feet the highest peak east of the Mississippi River. Like the rest of the Appalachians, these mountains were once substantially higher and bolder. Their uplift was completed some 289 million years ago, and they have been drastically eroded ever since. At one time, immense continental glaciers covered the land as far south as Pennsylvania. Although they did not spread over the Blue Ridge, plants and animals far beyond their reach became adapted to the cold. When the climate warmed and the ice melted, the cold-adapted species retreated northward, surviving in the south only at higher, cooler elevations.Red Spruces and Fraser firs are remnants of the Ice Age, thriving in the higher elevations of the Blue Ridge; and local belches, birches, and red oaks are typical of forests farther to the north. Sharing the high peaks is another distinctive plant community. This is the bald 一 a treeless area covered with grass, or more commonly, with broad-leaved shrubs. Often large and vigorous, the latter include huckleberries, mountain laurel, and most especially, rhododendron, an evergreen shrub that blossoms in June and creates some of the most spectacular wild gardens on Earth.1.The southernmost point of the Appalachian Mountains is in （）2. The expression the latter range in paragraph two refers to （）3. According to the passage, the melting of glaciers caused some plant species to（）4.The author mentions all of the following as plants that can be found in a bald EXCEPT （）5.Where in the passage does the author mention what has happened to the development of the mountains since they reached their highest point?6. According to the passage, a 615-mile expanse of the Appalachians is known as（）问题1选项A.QuebecB.New EnglandC.AlabamaD.North Carolina问题2选项A.AppalachiansB.the Black Mountains -C.the Great Smoky MountainsD.Grandfather Mountain问题3选项A.adapt to the heatB.die outC.grow bigger and strongerD.move northward问题4选项A.mountain laurelB.huckleberriesC.red oaksD.rhododendron问题5选项A.The second sentence of Paragraph One.B.The latter half of the second paragraph.C.The first two sentences of Paragraph Two.D.The whole Paragraph Two.问题6选项A.the Blue Ridge MountainsB.Grandfather MountainC.the Black MountainsD.the Great Smoky Mountains【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词“the Appalachian Mountains”定位到第一段首句“Famed for their high-elevation forests, the Appalachian Mountains sweep south from Quebec to Alabama.”阿巴拉契亚山脉以其高海拔森林而闻名，从魁北克省一直向南延伸到阿拉巴马州。所以阿巴拉契亚山脉的最南端为Alabama。第2题:语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段的第三句，the latter range指后一范围内的。前面提到了the Great Smoky Mountains and the Black Mountains，所以这里指后者the Black Mountains。选项B正确。第3题:细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句：当气候变暖，冰融化时，适应寒冷的物种向北撤退，只在海拔更高、更冷的南方生存。适应寒冷的物种即上一句提到的植物和动物，所以本题选D。第4题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词bald定位到原文最后一段的最后两句“.the latter include huckleberries, mountain laurel, and most especially, rhododendron”，只有选项C没有提及。第5题:细节事实题。题干问的是自从山脉达到最顶峰之后，有一些什么发展。文中在第二段的后半部分提到，山脉的隆起大约是在2.89亿年前完成的，从那以后就遭到了严重的侵蚀。所以选项B正确。第6题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词615-mile定位到原文第二段的第一句“The Blue Ridge Mountains form a substantial part, 615 miles, of the far-reaching Appalachians.”蓝岭山脉是阿巴拉契亚山脉的重要组成部分，绵延615英里。选项A正确。2. 问答题There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood.There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which into