2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 填空题Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer even the best players miss the goal and have their shots to be blocked much more frequently than they score. A B C D【答案】C to be blocked改为blocked【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】have sth. done表示某事已经被做完，have sth. to be done表示有些事情等着被做，这里射门被挡住的动作已经完成，此题正确用法为have their shots blocked。【句意】发明和创新几乎总是来自于艰苦的试验和错误。创新就像足球，即使是最优秀的球员也会失球，他们的射门被挡出的次数远远超过他们进球的次数。2. 单选题The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyones experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T. Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what hes seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it wont secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, youll get aheadthat someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.1. According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Para. 1) probably refers to “_”.2. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to _.3. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they _.4. The best title for this passage would be _.问题1选项A.criticisms that shape everyones experienceB.the opinions which contradict the established beliefsC.the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeD.the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization问题2选项A.perform well your tasks given by your superiorsB.project a favorable image to the people around youC.work as a consultant to your superiorsD.let your superiors know how good you are问题3选项A.know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB.want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC.dont want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorD.believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color问题4选项A.Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB.The Importance of Being VisibleC.Job Performance and AdvancementD.Sex and Career Success【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Para. 1) probably refers to “_”. 根据文章，“以前认为最好不要说的事情”（第一段）可能指的是“_”。A. criticisms that shape everyones experience A. 形成每个人的经验的批判B. the opinions which contradict the established beliefs B. 与既定信念相矛盾的观点C. the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye C. 有助于新人用新眼光看待办公室事务的倾向D. the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization D. 在组织中通常会产生新型管理方式的想法【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词judged to be best left unsaid定位到第一段第一句，该处讲到“她们似乎就越想谈论以前认为最好不要说的事情（things formerly judged to be best left unsaid）”，结合该段第二句“新人倾向于用全新的眼光（fresh eye）来看待公司的事务，在这过程中，有时会对形成组织中每个人经验的力量进行批判性分析（critical analyses）。”，可知这里不能说的是和新观点相反的，并且之前在大环境中普遍赞同的观点，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“形成每个人的经验的批判”：对应第一段第二句，该处讲到“有时会对形成组织中每个人经验的力量（forces that shape everyones experience）进行批判性分析（critical analyses）”，这里指的不是