2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 填空题I went to see a movie last night. The film was a British comedy that had been（1） to me by a number of my friends. It turned （2）to bejust as funny as theyd said it would be. I（3） so hard that there weretears in my eyes, especially at the climax toward the end. The film is without （4）the funniest that Ive ever seen. When you get a（5） , youshould see it （6）.句意:昨晚我去看了一部电影。这是一部英国喜剧电影，由很多我的朋友向我推荐。它 证明是如他们所说的那样有趣。我笑得那么厉害，以致我的眼泪都出来了，尤其是在 接近尾声的高潮时。这部电影无疑是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。如果你有机会的话， 你也应当去看看。【答案】1.recommended2.out3.laughed4.doubt5.chance6.too【解析】1.语义题。句意：由很多我的朋友推荐。2.固定搭配。turn out证明是，原来是。3.逻辑衔接。由后面的关键词“ .the funniest that Ive ever seen是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。”可推知这里指“笑得厉害到眼泪都出来了”。4.固定搭配。without doubt 毫无疑问。5.逻辑衔接。句意为：若有机会，你也应当去看看。6.语义题。句意: 若有机会，你也应当去看看。2. 单选题1. For more than 50 years microbiologist in the US and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning farms into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria. Farmers responded that restricting antibiotics in livestock would devastate the industry and significantly raise costs to consumers. We now have empirical data that should resolve this debate. Sine 1995 Denmark has enforced progressively tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in the raising of pigs, poultry and other livestock. In the process, it has shown that it is possible to protect human health without hurting farmers.2. Farmers in many countries use antibiotics in two key ways: (1) at full strength to treat animals that are sick and (2) in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. (It is illegal in the US to sell milk for human consumption from dairy cattle treated with antibiotics.） Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or sub-therapeutic dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. Because bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could hardly design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance.3. The data from multiple studies over the years support the conclusion that low doses of antibiotics in animals increase the number of drug-resistant microbes in both animals and people. As Joshua M. Scharfstein, a principal deputy commissioner at the Food and Drug Administration, told a US congressional subcommittee last summer, You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and .find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals. And this science is what led Denmark to stop sub-therapeutic dosinof chickens, pigs and other farm animals.4. Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultry industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year. But after Danish farmers started leaving sows and piglets together a few weeks longer to bolster the littennates* immune systems naturally, the animals weights jumped back up, and the number of pigs per litter increased as well. The lesson is that improving animal husbandry making sure that pens, stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature -offsets the initial negative impact of limiting antibiotic use. Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows as if we needed reminding that there are no quick fixes.5. Lest anyone argue that Denmark is too small to offer a reasonable parallel to the US, consider that it is the worlds largest exporter of pork. Like US farmers, Danes raise pigs on an intensive, industrial scale. If they can figure out how to limit antibiotic use while actually increasing agricultural productivity, then so can Americans. The American Medical Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Public Health Association, a previous FDA commissioner and many others have advised the US to follow suit. Last year the FDA published new guidelines calling for judicious use of antibiotics. Yet it ultimately left the decision on exactly when and where to use antibiotics up to individual farmers. That laissez-faire standard is not good enough, particularly when the health of the rest of the population is at stake.6. Of course, the way veterinary antibiotics are used is not the only cause of human drug-resistant infections. Careless use of the drugs in people also contributes to the problem. But agricultural use is still a major contributing factor. Eve