word英国文学史复习提纲文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教 bible 圣经 Myth 神话 The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 盎格鲁撒克逊时期Two elements which shaped Old English poetry:a. Anglo-Saxon invasion： Germanic myth and legendb. English conversion to the Christianity stories of the Bible and Saints A good example：贝奥武甫1、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan(异教徒)、Christian(基督徒)2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫 ( national epic 民族史诗 ) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵写作手法例子： of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.Characteristic feature of Old English poetry：a. Written in a language of strong stress and many consonants, with frequent use of pounds-picture names；b. Lacks both meter and rhyme and depends on alliteration and accent.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁诺曼时期canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学a new literature brought in by the Norman Conquest the themes of it：love and adventurethe form of it：a new metrical system with even lines, exact meter and melodious thymes2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵和绿衣骑士 是一首押头韵的长诗，它是King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士中最有名的His great achievement:a. Art of narrationb. Brilliant characterizationc. Humor and satired. Formal innovation三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里乔叟 时代1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集(heroic couplet)英国文学史的开端大致内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.(朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体。)小说特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.(这些表示者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中明确了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。)小说观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运).(他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。)4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymedBallads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.(歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲，一直以口头传播的方式保存下来。)代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期 (1500-1600) Golden Age of DramaGreek and Roman 戏剧 drama 、诗章 cantoThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.(文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。)The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.诗 歌(文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的开展。)1、key work: humanism 人文主义admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔 Utopia乌托邦2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯培根 第一个散文家(essayist)3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人 Italian sonnet4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞，poets poet诗人中的诗人，The Fairy Queen仙后(epic poem史诗) his poetic innovation : the Spenserian斯宾塞风格的sonnet、the Spenserian stanza诗节5)、Earl of Surrey 萨里 initiated blank verse.6)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗马洛contributed to the dramatic language and characterization made blank verse the principle vehicle of expression in drama (使无韵体诗成为重要的戏剧表现手法)blank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。戏 剧7)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆莎士比亚drama (一生共39个戏剧作品)great tragedies四大悲剧：Hamlet哈姆雷特、Othello奥赛罗、King Lear李尔王、The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白 historical playsromantic edies：A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦、The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人tragic-edies：The Tempest 暴风雨poems：Venus and Adonis(1592)Lucrece(1592-1593)Sonnets(1593-1598)8)、Ben Johnson contributed to the English edies.五、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文1、文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.(清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。)2、代表人物：1)、John Donne 约翰多恩 metaphysicalpoets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物sonnet 十四行诗：Death be not proud作品特点： strike the reader in Donnes extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘) novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角) novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)His grand style displayed in：a. the choice of the blank verse as the poetic form for his masterpieceb. rich classic reference典故c. use of various rhetorical devicesd. choice of sonorous words2)、John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 (the revival of blank verse)Defense for the English People为英国人辩护Paradise Lost失乐园 “Satan is not a villain撒旦不是坏人Paradise Regained复乐园apoetical drama：Samson Agoniste力士参孙3)、John Bunyan 约翰班扬 a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)most important work：Pilgrims Progress天路历程 prose 散文该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动prose 散文1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Add