The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有 三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气（i ndicative mood）,表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气（imperative mood）,表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）,表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情 况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有 真实条件句与非真实条件句（或称虚拟条件句）两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可 能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。主句过去式（动词是肮用利眈）should /woiild/could/might -动词原 形中去却雎背had-过去分词sh ou Id / wo u Id/cou Id/migh t 一 have -5玮睢背1）should-动词原形2）were -动1司不走式3）过去式（动词是斑也可以用were ）should /woiild/cciiiLd/niLght -动词原 形二.连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were， had和should时，可省略if,把were， had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。三.含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做 含蓄条件句。条件暗含在短语中 but for、without, otherwise、or。虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）夕卜，还可用于主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句、定语从句等。四.wish （that） +宾语从句1. 对现在情况的虚拟wish +宾语从句（谓语动词were、did）2. 对过去情况的虚拟wish +宾语从句（谓语动词：had done或would /could/ might + have done）3. 对将来情况的虚拟wish +宾语从句 （谓语动词 would/should/could/migh t + 动词原形)五. would rather , would sooner, had rather, would （just） as soon , would prefer+宾语从句1. 对现在或将来虚拟宾语从句谓语动词：were、did2. 对过去虚拟宾语从句谓语动词：had done注意：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形I would rather stay at home today.would ra ther. t han.中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today.六. as if/ though +方式状语从句/表语从句，有时用虚拟语气as讦从句用虚拟语气的情况是当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可 能发生或存在的情况时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。1. 对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：were、did2. 对过去情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：had done3. 对将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词：would / could / might+动词原形 注意：从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气七. 1. It is + adj/过去分词/ n. . that +句子（谓语动词：（should） +V原） 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：natural （自然的），appropriate （适当的）,advisable （合适的）,preferable （更可取的）,be tt er （更好的）* necessary （必须的），impor tant （重要的），impera tive （急需的），urge nt （急 迫的）,essential （本质的）,vital （必不可少的）* probable （很可能的）, possible （可能的）* desirable （极好的）advisable （合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial （紧急的），desirable （理想的），essential （必要的）， imperative （迫切的），incredible （惊人的），necessary （必要的），possible （可能的），st range （奇怪的），urgen t （紧迫的）。 常用的过去分词（past participle）: required （需要的），demanded （要求）， requested （被请求的），desired （要求）* suggested （建议），recommended （推 荐）orderd （命令） 常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有： advice ， decision ， desire ， demand ， idea， motion ， order， pity ， preference ， proposal， recommendation ， requirement， resolution， shame， suggestion，surprise， wish， wonder 等。2. 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用(should) +动 词原形这类动词有表示“要求的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的： move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令的：decide, order表示“主张的：main tain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist注意：(1).在insist后的从句中，如果是坚持自己，用陈述语气，坚持别人做 什么事情，用虚拟语气.(2)suggest表示“暗示”时用陈述语气。 练习：1). The chairman requested that .a the members studied more carefully the problemb the problem was more carefulnessly studiedc with more carefulness the problem could be studiedd the members study the problem more carefully2) . The committee recommends that the matter at the nextmeeting .a would be discussedb will be discussedc be discussedd may be discussed3) . The doc tor insis ted that his patient .a that he not work too hard for three monthsb take it easy for three monthsc taking it easy inside of three monthsd to take some vacations for three months3. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从 句中，宾语从句谓语动词经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇, 怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。练习：1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention iniran， they would be faced by a large army?a it is believedb should they believec they would believed if they would believe2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.a will leaveb may leavec leaved leaves4. 由lest(以免，免得)，in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用 (should) +V 原5. It is( about/ high) time (that) + 句子(谓语动词：should + V 原did)6. had hoped +宾语从句(谓语动词：would + V原)表示原来希望做到而实 际上未能实现的事情I had hoped that she would go to the US. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.八.错综时间虚拟条件句。错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，对时态作相应的调整：方法 各自为政。句型说明：错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给 以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同.耳非真实条件从句主句If it had rained last ni ght，It would be very cold today.If I had take n your advice，I should have no trouble with the work now.If I were you,I would have gone to the film last night If you were in better healthwe would have allowed you to join their work If he had told me about itI would know what to do now.练习：If he had listened to me, he (not be) in such troublenow.If I had a bike (now), I(lend) it to you yesterday.If you ( follow) the doctors advice then, you would be all right now.If you hadnfinished the homework by now, you (not be allowed) to see thefilm this evening.If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he (not have) so manyd