2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Like most other American companies with a rigid （ ） , workers and managers have strictly defined duties.问题1选项A.vitalityB.jurisdictionC.hierarchyD.bureaucracy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Anesthetics are substances（ ） to deaden pain or produce a condition in which some or all of the senses, especially touch, stop functioning or are reduced.问题1选项A.divertedB.enforcedC.exercisedD.administered【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。divert转移；enforce实施，执行，常指法律的实施；exercise运动，练习 ；administer管理，作为治疗或药物使用。句意：麻醉药是一种用来镇痛的物质，或者使部分或全部感觉，尤其是触觉，停止运行，或降低运行。administer 可以用来指药物的实施。 所以选项D正确。3. 单选题When Mr. Johns went shopping at the thrift store, he was looking for a （ ） .问题1选项A.bargainB.chargeC.gainD.purchase【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根据句中的关键词 the thrift store（旧货店，二手店）判断, 选项A更符合句意。 4. 单选题It is perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, a man of genius like Leonardo da Vinci engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings. He came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the universal man, the man who was proficient at everything. Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is respected; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modem world is a world of highly-skilled experts who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modem phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair; they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the worlds greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disturbing to find that even here, as one of its members put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!1.The passage implies that（ ）.2.The word moron (Paragraph 2) most probably means （ ） .3.Which of the following is the best possible title for the passage?4.According to the passage, in order to stand out, a scientist should （ ） .5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.men of remarkable achievements in the past were accidentally versatileB.no great man in the past was qualified as universal except da VinciC.nowadays versatile men are generally highly regardedD.nowadays it is nearly impossible for a man to be versatile问题2选项A.a foolish manB.a hard-working manC.an expertD.a miserable man问题3选项A.How to Become a Versatile Man.B.Versatile Men.C.How to Become an Intelligent Man.D.Intelligent Men.问题4选项A.engage in as many careers as possibleB.become a member of the Royal SocietyC.confine himself to a limited area of studyD.be aware of the great progress in science and technology问题5选项A.Da Vinci was too busy with his many inventions to finish his paintings.B.In the modem world a man can become versatile without paying the price.C.Nowadays a man of letters scarcely knows about the changes in technology.D.During the Renaissance much emphasis was placed on being universal.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说: 现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。2.语义题。原文中的分号, 以及as说明, 前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的who is barely aware of可知，moron表示的是什么都不知道的人, 所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“. exp