2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill. Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized, such as fish-protein concentrate and protein from algae grown on petroleum substrates: has since fallen by the wayside. The proposals themselves were technically feasible; but they proved to be economically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers. Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that, even with extensive government support, they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom they had been developed. A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. For example, the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects.The adoption of new food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations; economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation. Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technological innovation. Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical changethey completely disregard the substantial effects of culturethey are correct in stressing the importance of profits. Most technological innovations in agriculture can belly used only by large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes.1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was able to assess the truth of which of the following statements about opaque-2 maize ?2.The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the success of a new food crop EXCEPT the（ ）.3.According to the passage, the use of Antarctic krill as a food is an innovation whose future is（ ）.4.The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following statements?问题1选项A.It can be stored as easily as other varieties of maize.B.It is more popular than the wheat-rye hybrid triticale.C.It produces tortillas of greater protein content than do other varieties of maize.D.It is more susceptible to insects than are other varieties of maize.问题2选项A.practicality of storage of the cropB.security of the crop yieldC.quality of the crops proteinD.cultural acceptability of the crop问题3选项A.basically gloomy but still uncertainB.somewhat promising but very tentativeC.generally bright and virtually assuredD.tied to the Success of opaque-2 maize问题4选项A.Too much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food innovation.B.Innovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be successful.C.A food-product innovation can be technically feasible and still not be economically viable.D.It is difficult to decide whether a food-product innovation has actually been a success.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段最后一句“the better protein quality in tortillas made from opaque-2 maize will be of only limited benefit to a family on the margin of subsistence if the new maize is not culturally acceptable or is more vulnerable to insects. 如果这种新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆虫的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米饼所含的蛋白质尽管质量较好，但对处于生存边缘的家庭所带来的利益将是有限的。”作者的重点在于强调它比其他玉米品种更容易受到昆虫的侵害，所以选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“A successful new technology, therefore, must fit the entire socio-cultural system in which it is to find a place. Security of crop yield, practicality of storage, palatability, and costs are much more significant than had previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies. 因此，一项成功的新技术必须适应它所处的整个社会文化系统。作物产量的安全性、储藏的实用性、风味和成本都比以前新技术的倡导者所认识到的要重要得多。”选项A，B，D均有所提及，所以本题选C。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Antarctic krill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recent innovations such as opaque-2 maize, Antarctic krill, and the wheat-rye triticale seem more promising, but it is too early to predict their ultimate fate. 最近的创新，如不透明玉米、南极磷虾和黑小麦似乎更有希望，但现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早。”所以选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。第一段最后一句指出“it is too early to predict their ultimate fate.现在预测它们的最终命运还为时过早”。选项A在文中没有提及；选项B太过于绝对；选项C表述过于片面，只有选项D能够全面的概括第一段的内容，所以正确。2. 翻译题Translate the following into English确定目的后，原告必须考虑在什么法院起诉最能实现其目的。他必须在联邦法院起诉? 在州法院?或两者可选其一?若在州法院，在哪一州?若在联邦法院，该在全国86个