各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词 do为例）时态用法时间状语动词构成例句主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态一般 现在 时1）经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状 态。2）主语的特征、性格、能力、爱 好等。3）表示客观真理often, sometimes, always, usuallyeveryday/;onMondaysonce a week , twice a yeardo/doesam/is/are +doneWecleantheclassroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.一般 过去 时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反 复发生的动作。yesterday; last week/ ; in 1990ten minutes ago just nowdidwas/were +doneHe bought me some books.I was bought some books by him. Some books were bought for me by him.现在进行1）表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 或持续的动作now, these days 等或当句中含有 look,listen之类的暗示词时am/is/are +doingam/is/are + being + doneShe is watering the flowers.The flowers are being made by her.过去进行表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶 段正在进行的动作this time yesterday, at that time, then, at ten yesterday, from 7:00 to 9:00 last nightwas/were +doingwas/were + being +doneI was planting trees this time yesterday .Trees were being planted by me this time yesterday.一般 将来 时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状 态tomorrow; next week in a few days in 2020will/shall + doam/is/are going to + doam/is/are + doingwill/shall be + doneam/is/are going to be + doneam/is/are being doneWe will discuss this questioninclasstomorrow.This question will be discussed in class tomorrow.过去 将来 时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的 动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从 句中would/should + do was/were going to + do was/were + doingwould/should be + done was/were going to be +done was/were being + doneHe said he would finish the work the next day.He said the work would be finished the next day.现在 完成 时1）表示过去发生的动作或事情对现 在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是 过去的动作同现在的联系。2）表示 一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在， 有可能继续下去的动作或状态.already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等2.和for或since引导的时间状语连用.have/has + donehave/has been +doneThey have made the boystopcryingalready.The boy has been made to stop crying already.过去完成时1）过去完成时动词表示过去某一时 间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状 态。2）从过去某一时间开始持续到过去 另一时间的动作或状态。1） 与 by then, by 9 o clqcby the end of, by the time，-before+过去的时间构成的短语连用。2）过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用。 3） 与 when, before, after, as soon as等引导时间状语的从句 连用，强调动作发生的时间前后had + donehad been +doneThey had told me the news by 9 oclock yesterday.I had been told the news by 9 oclock yesterday.The news had been told to me by 9 o clock yesterday.含有 情态 动词can/may/must docan/may/must be doneWe must take good care of the old.The old must be take good care of by us.