2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Her remarkable success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to（ ）the media.问题1选项A.mandateB.meditateC.manifestD.manipulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mandate“授权，托管”；meditate“考虑，计划，企图”；manifest“证明，表示”；manipulate“操作，巧妙处理”。句意：她作为一个摇滚明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙处理媒体。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题She decided to keep reticent about the unpleasant past and（ ） it to memory.问题1选项A.attributeB.alludeC.commitD.credit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute“把归因于，把归咎于”；allude“暗指，间接提到”；commit“犯罪，做错事，把交托给，提交”；credit“信任，把归给”。句意：她打算对不愉快的过去保持沉默，并把它埋在回忆中。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题After the recent scandal the priest is expected to do the（ ）thing and resign from his position.问题1选项A.reticentB.decentC.innocentD.descent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。reticent“沉默的；有保留的”；decent“正派的，得体的”；innocent“无辜的，清白的”；descent“除去的气味”。句意：在最近的丑闻过后，这个神父希望能做一些正派的事情来挽回自己的位置。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题To get my travellers cheques I had to（ ）a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.问题1选项A.make forB.make outC.make upD.make off【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。make for“走向，有助于，导致”；make out“辨认出，填写，理解”；make up“组成，弥补，虚构，缝制”；make off“（尤指做了错事后）匆忙离开，逃走”。句意：为了拿到游客们的支票，我不得不给银行填写了一个包含所有费用的特殊支票。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two-year-old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three-year-old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $ 750, 000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizers excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800s. This new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a childs emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of childrens productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of childrens worth. Yet “expulsion of children from the cash nexus, although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,” Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process of sacralization of childrens lives.” Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests； this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a childs worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new “ sociological economics”，who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual “preferences”，these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their exchange” or “surrender” value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.1.It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in America during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on the（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 1800s children were generally regarded by their families as individuals who（ ）.3.Which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?4.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.5.Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of childrens worth except changes in（ ）.问题1选项A.earnings of the person at time of