1、中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在 7000 年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说 , 不管是古代还是现代, 酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来, 中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴, 在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式 , 酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分, 比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking,wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese peoples life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy中国书法历史悠久, 它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式, 也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举 足轻重的地位, 因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式, 比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝, 中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱,且越来越受到欢迎。Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression. Inner world of the writer could be reflected with thehelp of beautiful Chinese script. Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced otherChinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts. As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3、中国山水画Landscape Painting山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端, 很受欢迎。一般意义上 , 中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成 , 且与道教的哲学思想相联系 , 它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界, 他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景 , 这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘, 而是画家内在思想的写照。因此, 人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外, 还可以净化自己的灵魂。Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles. It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste. Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, and poetry. The Chinese term for “ landscape ” is made up of two characters meaning“mountains and water ” . It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world. Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind. People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist s inner heart as well as a way t opurify their souls.4、中国戏曲Chinese Opera在中国 , 戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式, 一般来说 , 可以追溯到唐朝时期 , 当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今, 许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格画脸谱 , 它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点 , 同时还要求独特的 绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观 众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常, 红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢 ; 黑色代表凶猛; 黄色和白色代表口是心非; 金色和银色代表神秘。 7 对于中国人 , 特别是老年人, 欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “ Pear Garden ” . Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people. What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting. Exaggerated designs are painted on each performers face to symbolize a characters personality, and fate. Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes. Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery; a black face, rough ; yellow and white faces, duplicity; and golden and silver faces, mystery. For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5、京剧 Peking Opera京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种 , 诞生于于 1790年四大徽 班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演白时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展,到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧 , 但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术, 而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前 , 京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式 , 无论在哪里进行表演, 都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中 , 包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受 , 面临着巨大的生存危 机。Peking opera is a traditional art in China. It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty. Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei. Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later. Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed, it would be warmly welcomed. Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6、昆曲 Kunqu Opera昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种 , 起源于江苏昆山 , 拥有 600 多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在, 中国与世界的纽带, 对现今中国的戏曲形式, 包括川剧与京剧在内 ,都产生了重要的影响。昆曲蕴含了各种意象美, 从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌, 人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂, 都有所体现。正因为如此, 昆曲在过去广受欢迎 , 也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分