2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.问题1选项A.should quarrelB.might quarrelC.could have quarreledD.must have quarreled【答案】D【解析】考查推测。根据句意：彼得和大卫最近关系不好。他们一定是为了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推测用must，选项D正确。2. 单选题Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized living.（）breaks it will be punished.问题1选项A.WhoB.No matter whoC.WhoeverD.People who【答案】C【解析】语法题。如果选A，此处缺少先行词；如果选D缺少连词；no matter who引导让步状语从句，句子表达需完整；whoever引导名词性从句，可放于句首，符合题意。3. 单选题Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, it is understandable that some of the efficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals that evolved on land should have returned to the sea. Those that did do that have flourished. Within about 50 million yearsno time at all, geologically speakingone of the four kinds of mammals that has returned to a marine environment has developed into the largest of all animal forms, the whale. A second kind, the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth. This suggests that these “top dogs” of the ocean are prospering and multiplying. However, such has not been the case, at least not for the last 150 years. Trouble has closed in on these mammals in the form of equally warm-blooded and even more efficient and adaptable predators, humans. At sea, as on land, humans have now positioned themselves on top of the whole great pyramid of life, and they have caused serious problems for the mammals of the sea.There is a simple reason for this. Marine mammals have the misfortune to be swimming aggregates of commodities that humans want: fur, oil, and meat. Even so, they might not be so vulnerable to human depredation if they did not, like humans, reproduce so slowly. Every year humans take more than 50 million tons of fish from the oceans without critically depleting the population of any species. But the slow-breeding mammals of the sea have been all but wiped out by humans seeking to satisfy their wants and whims.1.Which of the following statements about marine mammals best expresses the main idea of the passage?2.What advantage did some land mammals gain by returning to the sea?3.It can be inferred from the passage that during the last 150 years humans have（）4.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?5.It can be inferred from the passage that marine mammals are like humans in which of the following问题1选项A.They have their origins on land.B.They have evolved successfully but are now threatened by humans.C.They compete with one another for the oceans food supply.D.They have many of the biological traits of humans.问题2选项A.Fewer predators exist in the sea.B.More space is available in the sea.C.There is a greater supply of food in the sea.D.The climate is more hospitable in the sea.问题3选项A.constructed submarinesB.learned how to swimC.threatened the existence of some marine mammalsD.begun to harvest certain plants from the ocean as food问题4选项A.The whales ancestors were driven into the sea by humans.B.The food supply of seals is being depleted by humans.C.The whale evolved from a species of land-dwelling mammal.D.Whales are a more efficient and adaptable species than humans.问题5选项A.They survive despite changes in their metabolic rates.B.They reproduce slowly.C.They are prospering and multiplying.D.They are depleting the vegetation of the seas【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要讲人类对海洋哺乳动物造成了威胁，选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误，海洋哺乳动物的起源不是陆地而是海洋；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选项B。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句“Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, . have returned to the sea.”可知选项C 符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段的后半部分，在过去的150年里，情况并非之前提到的那样，是因为人类把自己置于整个生命金字塔的顶端，这给海洋哺乳动物带来了严重的问题。所以选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项C鲸是从一种陆栖哺乳动物进化而来的，根据原文可知鲸是从陆地返回到海洋的物种之一，所以选项C正确；选项D很明显是错误的，所以本题选项C。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“they might not be so vulnerable to human depredation if they did not, like humans, reproduce so slowly.”如果它们不像人类那样繁殖如此缓慢，它们可能就不会那么容易受到人类的掠夺。由此推断，海洋哺乳动物和人类一样繁殖很慢，选项B正确。4. 翻译题Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on ANSWER SHEET II.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortunes favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a