2022年考博英语-中南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.（1）Because analysis ultimately rests with the thinking and choices of the researcher, qualitative studies in general are limited by researcher subjectivity. Therefore, an overriding concern is that of researcher bias, framing as it does assumptions, interests, perceptions, and needs. （2）One of the key limitations of this study is the issue of subjectivity and potential bias regarding the researchers own participation in a doctoral program first as a student and currently as a faculty member.（3） A related limitation was that interviewees may have had difficulty adjusting totheresearcher taking on the role of interviewer, a phenomenon referred to by Maxwell as participant reactivity. Because a few of the participants know the researcher, their responses may have been influenced or affected.（4）They may have tried overly hard to cooperate with the researcher by offering her the responses they perceived she was seeking or which they perceived might be helpful to her.Alternatively, because of familiarity with the researcher, these few participants might have been guarded and therefore less candid in their responses. Recognizing these limitations, the researcher took the following measures.（5）To reduce the limitation of potential bias during data analysis, the researcher removed all participant names and coded all interview transcripts blindly so as not to associate any material or data with any particular individual. Furthermore，she made a conscious attempt to create an environment that was conducive to honest and open dialogue. Experience as an interviewer, as well as prior research experience, was helpful in this regard.【答案】由于分析最终取决于研究者的思维和选择，定性研究一般受到研究者主体性的限制。本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人员以学生身份和教师身份参与博士项目的主观性和潜在偏见问题。与此相关的一个限制是，受访者可能难以适应研究人员扮演采访者的角色，麦克斯韦将这种现象称为参与者反应。他们可能过于努力地与研究人员合作，向她提供他们认为她正在寻找的答案，或者他们认为可能对她有帮助的答案。为了减少数据分析过程中潜在偏见的限制，研究者删除了所有参与者的姓名，盲目地对所有访谈记录进行编码，不将任何材料或数据与任何特定的个体相关联。2. 单选题The specious arguments used by the （ ） were certain to deceive many people.问题1选项A.candidateB.politicianC.theologianD.demagogue【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项candidate“候选人；应试者”；B选项politician“政客；政治家”；C选项theologian“神学者；空头理论家”；D选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动政治家”。句意： 使用的似是而非的论据肯定会欺骗许多人。句中提到“似是而非的论据”，可知正确答案为C“空头理论家”。3. 单选题Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of（ ）, is the first step in learning to be creative.问题1选项A.eleganceB.resolutionC.sympathyD.originality【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elegance“典雅；高雅”；B选项resolution“分辨率；解决；决心”；C选项sympathy“同情；赞同”；D选项originality“创意；独创性；原始”。句意：许多艺术家认为，成功的模仿远不是缺乏 的表现，而是学会创造的第一步。句中出现的“模仿”、“学会创造”表明，此处应表示“模仿成功不是缺乏创造力的表现”。D选项正确。4. 单选题Following the guidelines for speaking and voting established by the book Roberts Rules of Order, （ ）during the meeting.问题1选项A.and avoid large decision-making organizations procedural can fusionB.large decision-making organizations avoid procedural confusionC.is procedural confusion avoided by large decision-making organizationsD.are avoiding procedural confusion in large decision-making organizations【答案】B【解析】考查主谓结构。题干主语为Following the guidelines，其后的for speaking and voting established by the book Roberts Rules of Order是后置定语。句意：遵循罗伯特的议事规则这本书里的指导方针，大型决策机构可以避免会议中的程序混乱。C项意思不符，D项主谓不一致，A项结构不对，故答案为B。5. 单选题The French and the Americans have a very different relationship to money, （ ）and ostentation.问题1选项A.obnoxiousB.obfuscateC.optimumD.opulence【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。 obnoxious讨厌的； obfuscate使模糊； optimum最佳效果； opulence富裕。句意：法国人和美国人在对待金钱，奢华，以及炫富的关系上大不相同。空格处应填入一个和money并列的名词。6. 单选题Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation to be a product of selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolution, however, have found no （ ）this pervasive view of selection.问题1选项A.bias towardB.criticism ofC.basis forD.precursors of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。bias toward “对 的偏见”；criticism of “对 的批评”；basis for “ 的基础”；precursors of “ 的先驱者”。句意：在大约1960年以前，几乎所有对进化的解释都假定大多数的适应是在群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没发现这种普遍深入的选择观点的基础。由to be a product of selection at the level of populations; 及however表转折关系可知空格处与前述内容意思相反。故C项符合题意。7. 单选题They are evidence that a （ ）of evolutionary experimentation was going on at the time, out of which the human lineage somehow emerged.问题1选项A.fermentB.glamourC.jubilationD.fragment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。ferment “发酵；动乱”；glamour “魅力；迷人的美”；jubilation “喜欢；庆祝；欢呼”；fragment “碎片”。句意：它们是那个动乱时候进化实验蓬勃发展期的证据，由于某种未知的原因，人类从中开始出现。Out of which中which指代空格处的内容，分析题干意思知A项符合。8. 单选题An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was （ ）a traveling company.问题1选项A.to form the firstB.the first to formC.who formed th