2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I asked several villagers the way to the river, but none of them was very（ ）.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.knowledgeableC.considerateD.forthcoming【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。trustworthy“可靠的，可信赖的”；knowledgeable“知识渊博的，有知识的”；considerate“体贴的”；forthcoming“即将来临的”。句意：我问了好几个村民怎么样去那条河，但是他们的说法都不可靠。A项符合题意。2. 单选题She contrived to get a glimpse of the light of truth here and there, and hoped that（ ）ray might suffice to guide her.问题1选项A.scantB.scarceC.meagerD.sparse【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scant“不足的，缺乏的”，强调的是勉强足够的；B选项scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，强调的是“稀缺、珍贵”；C选项meager“贫乏的”，多指收入微薄；D选项sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，强调人烟稀少，资源匮乏。句意：她设法在各处瞥见一点真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引导她。这里强调的是勉强足够的，所以选项A更符合语境。3. 单选题The car engine may（ ）as we go up the hill.问题1选项A.extinguishB.stallC.ceaseD.start【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭，压制，消灭”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，结束”；start“开始”。句意：当我们上山时，汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。4. 单选题He could tell by the（ ）in her lower lip that she was about to cry.问题1选项A.quiverB.stiffnessC.stillnessD.facilitation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。quiver“颤抖，震动”；stiffness“僵硬，坚硬”；stillness“静止，沉静”；facilitation“简易化，助长，容易”。句意：他可以通过她下唇的颤抖判断出她要哭了。由she was about to cry可推断出下嘴唇是颤抖的，故A项正确。5. 单选题If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become（ ）.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.degeneratedC.suppressedD.extinct【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deteriorated“恶化的”；B选项degenerated“退化的”；C选项suppressed“被抑制的”；D选项extinct“灭绝的”。句意：如果不采取措施保护环境，今天存活的数百万物种将会灭绝。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Many（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。7. 单选题Techniques that create an atmosphere of suspense are commonly used by filmmakers to （ ）their audience.问题1选项A.harassB.applaudC.exciteD.arrest【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项harass“骚扰”；B选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；C选项excite“使兴奋；刺激” D选项arrest“逮捕”。句意：电影制作者经常用制造悬念气氛的技巧来刺激观众。因此C项符合句意。8. 单选题One child per family has become the（ ）of family in most cities in China.问题1选项A.standardsB.criteriaC.normD.I tried hard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项standards“标准；规格”；B选项criteria“标准，条件”；C选项norm“标准，规范” D选项touchstone“试金石；检验标准”。句意：一个家庭一个孩子已经成为中国大多数城市的家庭标准。A, B, C选项都有 “标准”的意思，它们的区别是：standard指法定的或一般公认的标准，用途比较广泛，criteria指有特殊的确实性,令人信服而用以判断，norm是一种社会习惯(标准)，指规范、基准、定额、分配之工作量、准则。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题With price（ ）so much, its hard for the company to plan a budget.问题1选项A.fluctuatingB.wavingC.swingingD.vibrating【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fluctuate“使波动，使动摇，涨落”； wave“挥手，挥舞”；swing“摇摆，旋转”；vibrate“使振动，使颤动”。句意：由于价格波动大，所以这家公司很难做出预算计划。A项符合题意。10. 单选题The problem with（ ）biological inventions unlike, say, guns and explosives is that once released, they can breed by themselves.问题1选项A.viciousB.ferociousC.maliciousD.malevolent【答案】C【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项vicious“恶毒的，恶意的”，强调的是“狂暴的；残酷的”；B选项ferocious“残忍的，惊人的”，强调的是“暴力的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的，怀恨的”，强调的是怀有恶意的；D选项malevolent“恶毒的，坏心肠的”，强调的是“人的心肠坏”。句意：与枪支和爆炸物等不同，恶毒生物的发明，其问题在于，一旦被释放，它们可以自行繁殖。这里是指怀有恶意的生物学上的发明，所以选项C更符合语境。11. 翻译题2. Translate the following into English. (10%)中国政府已做出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。【答案】The Chinese government has made great efforts to mobilize people to improve ecological environment according to local conditions. We will double our effort to raise people s awareness of environment. The news media are needed to publicize the environmental policy in our country, popularize the knowledge about environment, making every citizen take an active part in ecological environment protection.12. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturn