2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Stanford opened its doors in 1891, and more than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing our students for leadership in todays complex world.Stanford students stand out for their academic excellence. They come from throughout the United States and the world, representing demographic, economic and cultural diversity. Students are admitted on a need-blind basis, and the university ensures that no admitted student is unable to attend. Once here, students discover that exploration, challenge and curiosity are limited only by their desires.Stanford is unusual among great universities in having seven schools on one campus: Humanities and Sciences, Law, Medicine, Business, Earth Sciences, Engineering and Education. This breadth provides students with unparalleled freedom to cross departmental boundaries and discover intellectual and personal passions. Creative thinking, problem-solving, and research are central to the academic programs at Stanford and learning takes place in an environment of intimate collaboration.From Nobel Prize winners to undergraduates, all members of Stanford are engaged in creating new knowledge, whether in sciences, business, arts or wherever their interests lie. Stanford is particularly noted for its openness to multidisciplinary research not only within its schools and departments, but also in its laboratories, institutes, libraries and research centers.Living and learning are intimately intertwined at Stanford. Extra-curricular programs, organizations, performances, forums and athletics beckon students, faculty and staff, as well as neighbors from the communities around us.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年，在之后的一个多世纪，一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地，体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力，并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里，学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。和其他著名大学的不同在于，斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院：人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限，发掘个人的求知欲。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中，创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的，而学习也是在一种密切协作的环境中进行的。斯坦福大学的所有成员，从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生，都致力于创造新知识，不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域，还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行，也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。在斯坦福大学，生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工，也吸引着附近社区的邻居。2. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from（ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项configuration“配置；结构；外形”；B选项constitution“宪法；体制；构造；结构”；C选项condemnation“谴责；定罪；非难的理由”；D选项contamination“污染，玷污；污染物”。句意：如今科学杂志上有一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物大多数来自地球本身的结构，而不是火星上的细菌。结合句意，B选项正确。3. 单选题What is the best wood to burn in the home fireplace? Choose the kind of wood to burn is like choosing a bottle of wine. Each choice you can make has something different to offer. Woods differ in the scent they give off and in the heat they provide. The kind of wood you will choose depends on your own needs and tastes.Pine, spruce, and fir are soft and easy to light. They burn quickly with a hot flame. However, a fire built from these woods burns out quickly. This kind of fire requires a lot of attention. It needs new logs added to keep the fire burning. A fire built from softwoods might be ideal for you at certain times. You may want a quick warming fire that will burn out before you go to bed.For a long-lasting fire, it is best to use heavier woods. These would be ash, beech, birch, maple, and oak. These woods dont burn as fast. Oak gives the most even and shortest flames. It also produces steady, glowing coals. When you have several oak logs burning in your grate, you can settle back for a steady show of flame.If you want a good-smelling fire, use the wood from fruit trees. Apple, cherry, and nut trees all produce pleasant scents. Their smoke usually smells like the trees fruit.By mixing softwoods with hardwoods, you can get a long-lasting, easy-to-light fire. Later, by adding some fruitwood, you can produce a pleasant scent as well.As a rule, no more than four logs are needed to make a good fire. Adjust the logs to maintain the flames. Push the ends of the logs in the flames from time to time. Add kindling and new logs as needed to rekindle a dying flame. Rake coals toward the front of the grate before adding new logs and put new logs at the rear. There they will reflect light and heat into the room.Let only an inch or two of ash collects at the bottom of the grate. Any more than this can ruin the andirons. Too much ash blocks the flow of air to the fire. Some ash is needed to form the bed for the glowing coals that drop through the grate. They help to hold the heat and direct drafts of air up to the base of the fire.1.What is the main idea of this article?2.Spruce burns with a （ ）.3.In order to get mo