.道桥毕业设计外文文献翻译XX理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计附录：Safety Assessment of Driver Overtaking Behavior on Two-Lane HighwaysYaqin QIN1, Jian XIONG1, Xiujuan ZHU1, and Jianshi LI1 Faculty of Transportation Engineering,Kunming University of Science andTechnology , Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China; PH 0871-3802298;email: ABSTRACTSafety study of driving behaviors to reduce traffic accidents is of great significance. The primary objectives of the study were to investigate the relation between driver overtaking behaviors and traffic safety. Twelve drivers of different proficiency were selected for an experiment on a driving simulation system platform. A simulation scene of overtaking on a two-lane highway was set up. The subjects overtook in the virtual scenarios at different speeds. A total of twelve parameters - including speed, acceleration, time of overtakingprocess, the changes of distance and other parameters - were extracted during the experiments. These data together with the results of a DBQ were analyzed and evaluated by the multiple linear regression method. The results showed that three motion parameters had a strong correlation with drivers safety. Finally, the study presents a linear model of safety assessment of driver overtaking behavior on two-lanehighways. The model may help to identify safe and unsafe drivers and reduce the number of traffic accidents. INTRODUCTIONTwo-lane rural roads make up the majority of the road network in many countries. In 2009, Chinas rural mileage reached 3.2 million km, and highway mileage of rural roads accounted 1XX理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计for more than three-quarters of the total mileage . Rural roads are also dominant in traffic fatality statistics. Lamm et al. has estimated that more than 60% of all fatalities in traffic occur on two-lane rural roads. Overtaking maneuvers on rural two-lane highways is a common phenomenon. When drivers have potential to overtake and there is sufficient space to overtake on the road, overtaking demands will be created. In the process of overtaking, the driver determines whether there is sufficient and adequate passing sight distance and time headway of theopposing lane and whether there is an adequate inserting gap of the same lane. Then drivers decide whether the overtaking should be implemented. Since overtaking conditions and drivers behavior varies, the overtaking process is very complex. It is affected by roadconditions, alignment, sight distance, vehicle type, speed, and drivers, among other things. Greenshields et al. was the first to establish the minimum requirements for safepassing under average traffic conditions. Bar-Gera, H. and Shinar, D. have shown this maneuver is associated with an increase in crash risk, because it involves driving in the lane of the opposing traffic direction. At the same time, Harris found that most drivers are indeed aware that overtaking is a risky maneuver by self-report ratings. At present, many existing studies focus on overtaking modeling. A few studies assessing the safety of driving overtaking behaviors generally examine driver gender, age and other characteristics , or by DBQ questionnaire to survey . It is difficult to obtain drivers real-time direct performance of overtaking maneuvers due to the danger of the experiment on a real road.To assess driving behaviors in overtaking, we employ a driving simulator. Various studies have shown that driving simulators can provide reliable observations of drivers behaviors . In this study, we focus on individual differences in the safety of 2XX理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计overtaking maneuvers with DBQ and real-time behaviors on a driving simulator. The results of the study are designed to distinguish unsafe drivers from other kinds of drivers.METHODParticipantsTwelve volunteers participated in the experiment. The sample comprised six men and six women between 24 and 55 years old . There was an equal balance of males and females. All had a valid drivers license. The mean number of years driving experience was 5.25 years and, on average, drivers drove 3.08 hours per week. All had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, and did not take any kind of medicine. ApparatusA full-size advanced driving simulator was used in this study. The simulated vehicle cab, an Axial, featured all normal displays and controls found in a vehicle. Different driving scenarios were projected onto a 1500 cycle screen, wit