大 连 理 工 大 学 本 科 外 文 翻 译冰冻海洋中近海工程结构物极限冰载荷广义数学模型Generalized Mathematical Model of Extreme Ice Loads on Offshore Engineering学 院（系）： 船舶工程学院 专 业： 船舶与海洋工程 学 生 姓 名： 苑淋涵 学 号： 200671061 指 导 教 师： 马坤 马骏 钱昆 完 成 日 期： 2010年6月2日 大连理工大学Dalian University of Technology冰冻海洋中近海工程结构物极限冰载荷广义数学模型冰冻海洋中近海工程结构物极限冰载荷广义数学模型Alexander T.Bekker,Olga A.Sabodash,Oleg A.Shubin俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克远东州立科技大学摘要The subject of this study is estimation of extreme ice loads from drifting hummocks and hummocky fields, as well as those from the even ice fields of occasional recurrence which affect the marine engineering structures on shelf of the fr这项研究的课题，主要是是评估漂流的冰体以及多冰体的冰区作用带来的极端冰载荷，在冰冻的海洋中，那些偶尔重现的较为稳定的冰区，对海洋工程结构带来影响。The authors have improved the previous deterministic model of dynamic contact interaction of drifting ice floes by simulation of frictional forces in cont作者们改进了以前的关于动态冰块接触摩擦的浮冰漂流确定性的模型。This model was realized as original computer animation model of ice floes impact, developed on the base of Delphi 7.0 s该模型在Delphi 7.0软件的基础上，开发实现了利用计算机动画的形式模拟浮冰的影响。 关键词 ： 极端冰荷载，浮冰，冰体，确定性模型，动力学参数。引言When designing ice-resistant platforms for the development of the largest Russian Arctic deposits, the reliable estimation of the design ice loads is necessary with the target level of safety during all the lifetime of th在为最具发展潜力的俄罗斯最大的北极矿产设计抗冰平台时，该设计冰载荷可靠性估计是在与所有的满足安全要求和寿命要求的结构分析下进行的。冰载荷水平的估计可靠性直接取决于描述冰体相互作用程度的高精度数学模型的准确程度。Generally the ice cover of the freezing seas represents the composite spatially-non-uniform structure consisting of constituents various in the origin and properties, such as the rare and layered ice fields, firstyear or perennial hummocks, hummocks rows, stamukha, and other ice formations drifting in water areas in condition of rarefaction with a various degree of unity (Bekker et al,一般来说，冰覆盖的海洋代表着复合的冻结空间，非均匀结构的组成成分的来源和性质不同，如稀有分层冰原，第一年或多年生的冰丘、冰排、搁浅冰山，以及其他在结冰条件下的稀疏水域漂流了不同大小的冰体1。为了In order to describe mathematically the formation of extreme ice loads on offshore engineering structures, first of all, it is necessary:以数学方法描述极端冰载荷对海洋工程结构的作用，首先，我们将需要作如下工作： - to select and analyze the design scenario with the ice cover including the analysis of the mode of a structure failure and target levels of structure reliability;- 选择和分析对冰体进行分析的设计方案，包括了进行结构的破坏程度分析和结构目标模式的可靠性分析；- to develop the simplified mathematical models of interaction between the ice and the structure in every design scenario;- 开发简化的数学模型，在每一个设计方案中，研究冰载荷与结构物之间的相互作用；- to determine design ice loads with the specified exceedance of probability for various ice conditions in every design scenario.- 在每一个设计方案中，在各种冰体条件下，确定实际载荷超出设计冰荷载的可能性。 In the previous studies (Bekker et al, 2006) the authors offered the deterministic model of a local ice drift in the water area including contact interactions of level ice fields with each other and with the fixed objects在以往的研究2中，作者提出了一个关于局部水域漂移冰作用的确定性模型，包括相互接触的冰体的相互作用，以及与某些固定物体的相互作用。在此模型中，冰盖被视为一个单一的漂流浮冰的机械系统，可以相互间发生作用，或者与某些固定的物体发生相互作用。因此，根据冰盖运动的特点，可以利用平衡方程计算外部运动的势力对单浮冰的作用。The purpose of this study is mathematical simulation of formation of the extreme ice loads of various securities on offshore engineering structures affected by an integral ice cove这项研究的目的是建立一个不可分割的冰覆盖对海洋工程结构形成的极端冰载荷作用的数学模型。因此，采用了单元离散的方法，换句换说，就是以冰覆盖为代表的，有单一漂流随机单片，逐渐形成规模并形成大量的冰体（大冰原、单浮冰、固体丘脊和单一冰体）。相邻片段的相互作用定义为他们的相对位移和相对速度。This paper continues the studies of the authors concerning the given subjects, thus the following tasks were solved:本文在继承了前人的研究，在其研究成果的基础上，继续进行了研究，从而解决了以下问题： - The design scenario of interaction of ice floes on contact with each other and with the fixed rigid object was analyzed;- 本设计主要对相互影响的浮冰之间的相互作用以及与某些固定的物体之间的相互作用进行了分析； - The deterministic model of the dynamic contact interaction of the drifting ice floes by simulation of the frictional forces in contact was improved;- 对相互动态接触的漂流浮冰之间所产生的接触摩擦力的确定性仿真模型进行了改进；- The original computer animation was developed in order to analyze the extreme ice loads in view of specificity of ice conditions offshore Sakhalin, described by previous studies (Bekker et al, 2001). - 为了分析具有特殊冰条件的萨哈林近海的极端冰载荷，根据先前的研究，对原来的电脑动画模拟进行了开发1。确定性模型THE DETERMINISTIIn order to embedding the generalized deterministic model of the local ice drift in the water area including contact interactions of the ice fields between each other and with the fixed objects the following assumptions were developed (Bekker et al, 2006):为了引入包括相互联系的冰原之间的相互作用以及与某些固定物体的相互作用的广义确定性模型，做出以下的假设2：1) The ice cover represented a mechanical system from single fragments - ice floes which can interact with each other and with the fixed rigid objects (a leg of the structure, single hummocks,hummocky ridges, etc.).1）冰覆盖代表了有关可以互相交流，并与固定僵硬的对象相关的单一机械系统（单腿结构，单一冰体，冰丘等）。2) The flow of N ice floes with the initial known (according to natural observations) kinematical and geometrical performances moves uniformly in the water ar