2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题The new colleague （ ） to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.问题1选项A.confirmsB.declaresC.confessesD.claims【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess (to) doing sth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句, 也可接不定式短语, 不定式中的动作发生在claim之前, 则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。3. 单选题The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（ ） in all directions.问题1选项A.interferingB.dispersingC.spreadingD.distracting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to （ ） the weight of the building.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;initiate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him（ ） .问题1选项A.on your behalfB.on your accountC.for your partD.in your interest【答案】A【解析】名词性短语含义辨析。on ones behalf“为.的利益, 代表”;on ones account“为了某人”;for ones part“就某人来说”;in ones interest“符合某人利益”。句意:如果你不想和他谈, 我就代表你去和他说。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。8. 单选题Four weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were（ ） .问题1选项A.on the vergeB.on the spotC.on the looseD.on the sly【答案】D【解析】介词短语辨析。on the verge“濒临, 在的边缘”;on the spot“当场, 在危险中”;on the loose“散漫, 放荡”;on the sly“偷偷地, 秘密地”。句意:自杀式爆炸事件发生四周后, 警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子, 因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗处。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。10. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。11. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （ ） we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地, 间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30regardless of raceknew little more, in fact.How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31, college educated) was clueless about Kings nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to sleep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire an