2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He developed a（ ） attitude after years of frustration in his career.问题1选项A.encouragedB.disgustedC.drasticD.cynical【答案】D【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厌烦的；drastic激烈的；cynical愤世嫉俗的。句意：在经历了多年的事业挫折之后，他变得愤世嫉俗。选项D符合语境。2. 单选题The commission would find itself（ ） at every turn if its members couldnt reach an agreement.问题1选项A.collidedB.displeasedC.crumbledD.hampered【答案】D【解析】collided碰撞，冲突；displeased生气的；crumbled破碎的；hampered受阻的。句意：如果委员们不能达成协议，委员会就会处处受阻。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。4. 翻译题长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没去看菲尔铁塔 (Eiffel Tower)，或者就像到了埃及没去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连接成长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。【答案】The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.5. 单选题All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ）slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.ascendingB.elevatingC.liftingD.lingering【答案】A【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，举起；lift提升，举起；linger徘徊。 根据句意可知这里指气球慢慢上升到空中，选项A符合语境。6. 单选题Polio has been so effectively suppressed by vaccination programs that most doctors have never encountered its symptoms; in fact, when the rare patient today is _ with the polio virus, doctors are likely to misdiagnose the illness.问题1选项A.affectedB.exposedC.engagedD.afflicted【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。A选项affected“假装的，做作的”；B选项exposed“（地方）不遮挡风雨的；（人）易受攻击（或批评）的”，be exposed to“受攻击”；C选项engaged“正从事的”；D选项afflicted“受困扰的”，be afflicted with“患病”。句意：小儿麻痹症已经因为疫苗接种计划有效地抑制住了，以至于大多数医生从未遇到过其症状；事实上，当如今患者中罕见_小儿麻痹症时，医生很可能会误诊。小儿麻痹症现在已经很少见了，以至于碰到患有小儿麻痹症的患者，医生很可能会误诊，D选项afflicted“受困扰的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题The annual review of American company board practices by Korn/Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator of the health of corporate governance. This years review, published on November 12th, shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in 2002 to try to prevent a repeat of corporate collapses such as Enrons and WorldComs, has had an impact on the boardroom-albeit at an average implementation cost that Korn/Ferry estimates at $5.1 m per firm.Two years ago, only 41% of American firms said they regularly held meetings of directors without their chief executive present; this year the figure was 93%. But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash against corporate scandals. For example, despite a growing feeling that former chief executives should not sit on their companys board, the percentage of American firms where they do has actually edged up, from 23% in 2003 to 25% in 2004.Also, disappointingly few firms have split the jobs of chairman and chide executive. Another survey of American boards published this week, by A.T. Kearney, a firm of consultants, found that in 2002, 14% of the boards of S&P 500 firms had separated the roles, and a further 16% said they planned to do so. But by 2004 only 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investors supported the idea of splitting the jobs, which is standard practice in Europe.Another disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing “staggered” boardsones where only one-third of the directors are up for re-election each year, to three-year terms. Invented as a defense against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are unambiguously “associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value”.Despite this, the percentage of S&P 500 firms with staggered boards has fallen only slightly-from 63% in 2001 to 60% in 2003, according to the Investor Responsibility Research Centre. And many of those firms that have been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their dull term before introducing a system in which they are all re-elected (or otherwise) annually. Other companies staggere