资源预览内容
第1页 / 共4页
第2页 / 共4页
第3页 / 共4页
第4页 / 共4页
亲,该文档总共4页全部预览完了,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
论机械化翻译法的内容,特点和应用-作者:淮鹏内容1. 句子模式:(状语)主(定语)谓语(小状语)宾语(定语/状语)2. 句子成分划定为:主干和废话。主干即主谓宾。废话即状语和定语。3. 确定主干 主语:第一个独立名词 谓语:排除法从句中的动词不是;分词(ing,ed,to do) ing和ed前没有have和do的不是,to do不是 宾语:谓语之后的第一个独立名词4. 确定废话原则:以分词短语、介词短语、从句为划分单元。问题:怎样将这些分散的单元有顺序的组织起来,以便于翻译合理?方法:排序 对于状语翻译原则:倒序翻译对于句间并列(部分之间以and,or,not only.but also连接,且各部分地位平等),翻 译时不倒序。V+从句,不变序例如,in the morning when she decided that she had to go, .第一部分 in the morning 第二部分 when she decided 第三部分 that she had to go第二、第三部分不能到这翻译。应为:在她决定要走的那个早上,.。 对于定语翻译原则:倒序+前置。英文:n+定语中文:+n并列不变序、V+从句不变序原则与状语一致分开翻译原则: 介词+从句例如,i had a meeting in which i gave a plan.我有一个会议,在会上我提了个计划。 ,+从句例如,she left without bye,which maks me sad.她不说一句就走了,这使我很伤心。(注:which在翻译时一律翻为:“这”)任意规范原则(前2后3/前多后少原则)例如,according to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators状语主语in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.定语 谓语小状语前少后多:前2后3.即先翻译后3个,再翻前两个,可以使句子通顺。根据他们在自然杂志上发表的最新论文,一个新的大型捕食者数量在开发的开始 的15年里平均减少了 80%。5.有些句子有两个及以上谓语,使句子整体上并列,此称为单黄蛋例如:i love and hate you.翻译方法:标清谓语即可有的两个及以上句子以and,Or成分并列,此称为双黄蛋例如,i love you and i hate you.翻译方法:两句分开翻特点句子公式:(状语)主(定语)谓语(小状语)宾语(定语/状语)宾语之后是定语还是状语,不能靠公式确定。在整体分析句子时,第一步找主谓宾和第二部找废话并不是前后顺序(虽然宾语成分 的确定是以谓语的确定为基础),有时候同时进行。由公式可以看出,定语修饰主语或宾语,小状语修饰谓语。因而,状语也可以看为修 饰成分的形容词,和定语一样的功能。那么,对于定语和对于状语的各个原则可以通 用。在以后看句子是可先抓住主干,不必看懂废话中那个是定语那个是状语,一律看 做修饰成分。应用对于并列成分的研究。并列分为句中并列和句子并列。对于句中并列,我们有不变序原则和单黄蛋原则;对 于各句子并列有双黄蛋原则。And前后并列成分应是对等的。应该怎样确定例如,during the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.And前后n.N.V+n.V+n.主 +v.+n.主 +v+n.Hard work , fair play 是并列的,to keep itself .不是修饰 fair play.在过去的20年中,那些为保证自己财政收支安全而靠努力工作和公平竞争的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。以分词短语、介词短语、从句为划分单元,确定废话部分。要注意从句包括主谓宾, 应划在一起,尽管它可能包含介词短语和分词结构。例如,anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it 为 knowing when to guess and what questions to skip.从句已包括主语who,谓语has toiled through和谓语SAT。将句子分为主干和废话的方法除用于翻译,对阅读有指导作用。对于整个文章,可分为观点句和支持句。在读文章时,要看懂观点句,忽略支持句, 可提高阅读速度和效率。观点句,在段首位,转折句(段中转折和段内转折,标志词如but),宾语从句(i thinkthat.)支持句,包括句子中的插入语、同位语(人名地名的解释)、句首状语; 还有描写分析、研究过程的句子、例子和引用句。钟平老师视频讲解请到QQ:1149216191空间留言例子1.as用法总结 as作副词,修饰形容词或副词,表示程度,意为“同样地”。例如:He swims fast, but I swim just as fast.但它通常构成表示比较的结构as.as.,not as(so).as.。此结构中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。否定结构中的副词as可以由so代替。as.as possible和as.as one can也属于这种用法。例如,The movie was not as good as I had expected play tennis as well as him.注意:while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发 生。如:Work while you work. Play while you play. 引导让步状语从句,通常可与although或though通用,但语序不同,although或though 用于句首,as 用于倒装结构。例如:Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或 Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to followas表示让步用于倒装结构,通常将从句的表语、状语或动词前置。如果表语有冠词a/an, 需去掉。例如:Child as she is, she knows a lot. Though she is a child, she knowsa lot. 固定句型:主句,as +be/do+主语”表示“也一样”。例如:She s unusually tall, as are both her parents. 固定结构1. as soon as 一就c,引导时间状语从句;2. as (或so) long as “只要”,引导条件状语从句;例如, As long as you study hard, you will make great progress.3. as if/though “好像,仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句;例如,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.4. as to (或as for)至于,就而言”;5. as much (或 many) as “多达”;6. as (或so)far as 就的限度”;“据我所知”7. as a result of (由于的)结果”;8 . as a matter of fact 事实上”;9. as well 也,还”;A as well as B 不但 A 而且 B”;As well as-并列连接词组,意思是:“和,同”。当其连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应与 前面的主语在数上保持一致。也可以和短 语not only but also进行替换。e.gMy elder sister as well as my parents enjoys music.10. as it is “照现状看,看样子”。11. 引导限制性定语从句,用在suchas”,“ the sameas/the same as”等结构中,常译作“像一样的人或物”,“凡是的人或物”。例如,He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.My bike is the same as yours.2.强调句的结构It is(was) + 被强调部分 + that/who +句子其他部分时间谓语外任何成分人:that/who正常语序物:that处理方法:去掉蓝色部分
收藏 下载该资源
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号