2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste (社会等级) society.Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or required, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.1. It is known from the first paragraph that _.2. According to the author, which of the following people usually lead a new fashion?3. Which of the following statement is true?4. According to the author, a fashion movement _.5. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement _.问题1选项A.fashion originates in a class societyB.fashion can be found only in a few fields of group lifeC.fashion operates in every societyD.people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society问题2选项A.Philosophers.B.Artists.C.The social elite.D.Writers.问题3选项A.Fashion, as a movement, is true.B.The upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement.C.A fashion will never vanish once it is launched.D.A fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched.问题4选项A.has little in common with other movementsB.will eventually develop into a social organizationC.has a powerful leadership guiding itD.has a set of symbols and values问题5选项A.functions in the same way as specific social movementsB.is a form of expressive behaviorC.can boost the morale of its participantsD.contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句it does not have a leadership imparting conscious dire