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语法复习十四:代 词It 的用法作人称代词John likes playing Pingpong/ He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物);/Its time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer/ Its very quiet at the moment(可指时间、天气、环境等)引导词作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。Its important for us to learn a second language/ Its no use talking to him/ Its known to all that the earth goes round the sunB作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others/ He made it clear that he would leave the cityC强调结构:It is (was) +被强调部分that (或who) 注意: 在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where,而应用that 。在复习中,一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定从)It was twelve oclock when we arrived there(when引起时间状语从句)It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there(that 引起强调句)3. it,one,that 的区别:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。NMET2000,23-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _?Ait BthatCone Dthis NMET2001,25The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey Bit Cone Dwhich one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,that 特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过的同一事物。不定代词不定代词种类较多,用法各异,在使用中一定要注意区别。1、both,either ,neither 都表两者范围,在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ,both可用作同位语。both 意为两者都,either 表两者中任一个,neither表两者都不。2、any,none ,all 表三者或三者以上范围,any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念,用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不;表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有;all 整个的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可数)。e.g.This book is a good seller,so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing/ None of us are/is perfect/ All of the village was flooded3、no one,nobody,none,nothing:no one,nobody表没有人,nothing 指没有什么事物,none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。特指的人或物一个也没有,一点儿也没有。-How many people are there in the hall ?-None-who wants to go with him ?-No one(Nobody)-What can you see in the bottle ?-Nothing-Is there any water in it ?-None4、another,the other,the other+复数名词(或the others),other (或other +复数名词):another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一;与数词连用,表再有;the other 表两者中的另外那个,特指;the other+复数名词(或the others),另外那些,表示其余所有的人或物,用于特指;others (或other+复数名词)另一些,表余下人或物中的另一些,泛指。-I dont like this,show me another one(NMET 2000,16)If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15Aanother Bother Cmore DEach (A)人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求1掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况,能通过语境准确选取答案。3掌握it的基本用法。一人称代词1)分清主格和宾格形式。eg:-I love you more than her,child / -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_? A you;me BI;you Cyou;you DI;me 2)注意约定俗成的用法。-Who is it ?-Its me -Id like to have a rest -Me,too3)使用we 和you 泛指一般人4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等China is a great countryShe has a long history5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是:you,he(she) and I; we,you and they二物主代词:名词性物主代词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,构成双重所有格:a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词只能起定语作用。三反身代词1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语;2)单复数的确定;3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。e.g. Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home不要拘礼;请随便吧。 / Dont get nervous,help yourself to what you like别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗?四指示代词(一)this,that,these those 1在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物,而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物,而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing/ He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know4that,those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany(二)such such引起倒装句,谓语数取决于后面主语的数:e.g Such is my answer/ Such are our people做定语,注意和so 的区别,尤其是在so that, suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers(复数名词前,so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可数词前,不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him(在数量概念的many,much,little,few 之前,不可用such )练习(一)、代 词一、强化训练:1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each2. After paying 1,000 dollars_ ,youll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I dont like these. Do you have any_ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others6. I d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither
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