2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The head window of the car is made of safety glass that wont （ ）if it is broken.问题1选项A.shatterB.shudderC.crushD.crumple【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。shatter “粉碎”；shudder “发抖，战栗”；crush “压（或挤）”；crumple “(使)起皱”。句意：车子的车头窗是由安全玻璃构成的，在打破后不会粉碎。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is （ ）.问题1选项A.luxuryB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.refreshment【答案】A【解析】考察名词、形容词词义辨析。luxury “奢侈”；accommodation “住处，膳食”；entertainment “娱乐”；refreshment “清爽，提神之物”。句意：在这个贫穷的国家，生存是头等大事，其他都是奢求。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The Du Pont Company, the 13th largest employer in the U.S.，routinely gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs to determine who might be a carrier of the trait for sickle-cell anemia, even though the trait is regarded as largely harmless. Although there are other genetically transmitted blood diseases and metabolic disorders that predominate in racial or ethnic groups, blacks are the only ones to be identified with a disease and examined for it at Du Pont. In a three month study of genetic screening in the American workplace, the New York Times found no other instance of an ethnic or racial group singled out in an organization or company. Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain chemicals. Yet the officials can offer no firm evidence that the trait not the disease, but only a single abnormal gene makes blacks more vulnerable. Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American companies doing genetic screening and thus is at the center of the debate over this area of science, debate so intense, so broad, that even medical directors from other companies who believe the possibilities of genetic screening want no part of it. At least, now the officials at Du Pont Company, a leader in the chemical industry with annual gross sales of more than $ 10 billion, feel they have the money and the scientists to turn the distrust into achievement. If some chemicals are highly toxic and the workplace is less than pure, company officials reason, it is only logical to try to determine why some workers get sicker faster and why others seem to have more tolerance for industrial poisons. And so the company is looking beyond the skills and loyalty of its workers to genetic structure.The sickle-cell trait is not the same as sickle-cell anemia. The anemia is rare but debilitating disorder found in fewer than 50,000 American blacks, about two-tenths of a percent of the black population. Perhaps two million other blacks are carriers of the trait they are heterozygous. Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease.1.What does the author say about Du Pont?2.What do Du Pont officials say?3.What is true about genetic screening?4.The underlined word toxic in the third paragraph probably means （ ）.5.What can we learn about the carriers of sick-cell trait?问题1选项A.It examined the blood of some blacksB.It examined some blacks for their knowledge of blood.C.It discovered that some blacks have blood illness.D.It discovered the blood of some blacks containing industrial chemicals.问题2选项A.They are trying to protect blacks form health threats.B.They can prove that blacks are likely to have health problems.C.They regard the skills of workers as the most important matter.D.They hope that other companies can follow their example.问题3选项A.It often aims at black employees.B.Its focus is often on sickle-cell anemia.C.Some companies do not want to do it.D.The US government strongly supports it.问题4选项A.powerfulB.complexC.thickD.poisonous问题5选项A.Their number is about 50,000.B.They usually seem to have normal lives.C.They include over half of the black populationD.They do not seem to be affected by industrial chemicals.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段提到Du Pont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测（gives pre-employment blood tests to all blacks who apply for jobs），选项A符合题意。2.文章提到Du Pont公司官方发言人强调这种做法不是歧视，而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁（Du Pont officials emphasize that the sickle trait tests do not represent discrimination and are only an effort to help them avoid potentially harmful exposure to certain chemicals），选项A符合题意。3.文章提到Du Pont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋（Du Pont, which employs well over 100,000 workers, is in the vanguard of American companies doing genetic screening），所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。4.题干中的 toxic 是“有毒的”的意思。powerful 有力的；complex 复杂的，thick 浓的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一句Virtually all the carriers can lead very active lives and show no symptoms of the disease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B符合题意。4. 翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseWhat hopes and fears